Domain 1

Question 1

what is matter?

Answer 1

anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

what are the states of matter?

Answer 2

solid
liquid
gas

Question 3

what is a solid?

Answer 3

retains shape
incopressible
melt with heat
solid if cooled

Question 4

what is a liquid?

Answer 4

shape of container
cannot be compressed significantly
vaporize with heat
crystalize when chilled

Question 5

how does a liquid relate to solids and gases?

Answer 5

inbetween regarding molecular motion and attractive forces

Question 6

what is a gas?

Answer 6

expands to fill space
compressivle fluid
volume depends on pressure and temperature

Question 7

what is boyle’s law?

Answer 7

volume varies inversely with pressure

Question 8

what is sublimation?

Answer 8

some elements and compounds can transition from solid to gas without becoming liquid

Question 9

what is deposition?

Answer 9

some gases can transition directly to solid

Question 10

what is mass?

Answer 10

the amount o fmatter in a chemical substance

Question 11

what is density?

Answer 11

the ratio of mass to volume

Question 12

what is the formula for density?

Answer 12

mass divided by volume

Question 13

what is hardness?

Answer 13

a solid’s resistence to changing it’s shape

Question 14

what are the operational definitions of hardness?

Answer 14

scratch
iondentation
rebound

Question 15

what is scratch hardness?

Answer 15

resistane ot fracture or permanent deformation due to friction from a sharp object

Question 16

what is indentation hardness?

Answer 16

resistence of permanent deformation due to constant load from a sharp object

Question 17

what is rebound harness?

Answer 17

the height of the bounce of an object dropped on the material

Question 18

what is moh’s scale of hardnes?

Answer 18

the rating of mineral sby their ability to sratch a softer mineral

Question 19

what are physical properties?

Answer 19

characteristics that makeup the physical composition

ccolor
form
electrical conductivity
density

Question 20

what do physical changes not include?

Answer 20

on substance changing into a nother

Question 21

when do chemical changes occur?

Answer 21

compounds are formed or decomposed to change a substance into something else

irreversible

Question 22

what are chemical reactions?

Answer 22

show the number of molecules or formula units of the reactants and prdocuts

Question 23

what are thee parts of the atom?

Answer 23

nucleus
protons
neutrons
electrons

Question 24

how do electrons maintain orbit in the nucleus?

Answer 24

their attraction to protons

Question 25

what is the nucleus?

Answer 25

the core of the atom built of protons and neutrons

Question 26

what are chemical elements?

Answer 26

componsed on one aton and connt be separated

Question 27

what do atomic numbers of elements represent?

Answer 27

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 28

what is the atomic mass?

Answer 28

the sum of protons and neutrons

Question 29

what are compounds?

Answer 29

chemical combinations of two or more elemetns in a fixed ratio

Question 30

what is the periodic table of elements?

Answer 30

arrangement of all known elements increasing in atomic number/mass

Question 31

what are groups or families in the periodic table?

Answer 31

vertical columns of elements with similar properties

Question 32

what does pH refer to?

Answer 32

the acidity or basicity of a solution

Question 33

what is litmus?

Answer 33

a watr solumble mixture of different dyes to indicate pH

Question 34

what is a mixture?

Answer 34

a combination of two or more different materials witthout a chemical reaction

Question 35

what is motion?

Answer 35

constanct change in location described by position, velocity, and acceleration

Question 36

what is velocity?

Answer 36

the rate of change of positing with time

Question 37

what is the formula for velocity?

Answer 37

change of distance divided by time

Question 38

what is acceleration?

Answer 38

the rate of change of velocity with time

Question 39

what is the formula for acceleration?

Answer 39

the change of velocity over time

Question 40

what is newton's first law of motion?

Answer 40

without outside forces, a stationary object will never move and a moving object will never stop or deviate

Question 41

what is newton's second law of motion?

Answer 41

the acceleration of an object is porportional to the force applied

Question 42

what is newton's third law of motion?

Answer 42

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 43

what is gravitation?

Answer 43

objects with mass attract one another

Question 44

what is gravity?

Answer 44

gracitational force exertd by the earth on objects in its vicinity

Question 45

what is a simple machine?

Answer 45

a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force

Question 46

how are simple machines utilized?

Answer 46

increase the outbup force at the cost of decrease in distnace moved by the load

Question 47

what is the mechanical advantage?

Answer 47

the ration of output to the input force

Question 48

what are the four clasical simple machines?

Answer 48

lever pulley/block inclined plane screw

Question 49

what is a lever?

Answer 49

a rigid object that uses a fulcrum to multiply the mechanical force applied to another object

Question 50

what is a pulley

Answer 50

a mechanism using a wheel with a groove to change the direction of applied force and spread the weight of ab object over the length of the rope

Question 51

what is an inclined plane?

Answer 51

an inclined plan that reduved the amount of force required to move but increasing the distance

Question 52

what is a screw?

Answer 52

inclined plans that convert torque to linear force

Question 53

what are the forms of energy?

Answer 53

solar chemica electrical magnetic nuclear sound light electromagnetic

Question 54

what is electricity?

Answer 54

the number of negative elctrons is not equal to protons and can move freely within the atom

Question 55

what is an electric circuit?

Answer 55

th epath or circuit an electric current flows

Question 56

what is static electricity?

Answer 56

electrical charges increase ont eh surface of a matrial

Question 57

how is nuclear energy obtained?

Answer 57

fission and fusion

Question 58

what is nuclear fission?

Answer 58

release of energy to split nucleus into smaller fragments

Question 59

what is nuclear fusion?

Answer 59

light nuclei unite to a heavier nucleus

Question 60

what is degrees celsius?

Answer 60

a temperature scale ot indicate a temperature interval

Question 61

what are the freezing and boilign points in Fahrenheit?

Answer 61

32 212

Question 62

how does heat transfer?

Answer 62

conduction radiation convention

Question 63

ewhat is heat conduction?

Answer 63

spontaneous transfer of termal energy through matter

Question 64

what is thermal radiation?

Answer 64

electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the suface of an object

Question 65

what is convention?

Answer 65

heat is transfered through the circulation of convention currents

Question 66

what are sources of light?

Answer 66

incandescent light bult fluorescent lamp refraction reflection

Question 67

how do incandescent light bulbs function?

Answer 67

electic currents heat a hilament until producing light

Question 68

how do fluorescent lamps function?

Answer 68

electricity excites mercury vapor to produce ultraviolet light and fluoresce

Question 69

what is refraction?

Answer 69

light travels at different speeds through different objects

Question 70

what is reflection?

Answer 70

light reflects an object off a media and into our eyes

Question 71

what is renewable energy?

Answer 71

energy generated from natural resources

Question 72

what is nonrenewable energy?

Answer 72

energy traken from finite resources