Domain 1

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of speech sounds (phonemes), how they change, and the actual pronunciation of words (phonetics) in a particular language.

Question 2

Phonetics

Answer 2

The physical production of speech sounds. Describes how sounds are produced in the mouth for languages in general.

Question 3

Place of articulation

Answer 3

Placement of tongue and positioning of lips where airflow is modified in the vocal tract to produce speech sound.

Question 4

Manner of articulation

Answer 4

How speech organs are moved when making a speech sound.

Question 5

Alphabetic Principle

Answer 5

Understanding a language’s system and the predictable relationships between letters and sounds, written and spoken communication

Question 6

Semantics

Answer 6

The study of linguistic meaning, including synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms.

Question 7

Homonyms

Answer 7

Words with the same spelling or pronunciation, but a different meaning.

Question 8

Semantic Ambiguity

Answer 8

The individual meaning of words has been resolved, but the context is needed for understanding.

“There was not a single man at the party.” Single: number or unmarried?

Question 9

Morphology

Answer 9

Study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

Question 10

Morpheme

Answer 10

Smallest unit of meaningful language.

Root, stem, prefixes, suffixes, etc.

Question 11

Lexical Ambiguity

Answer 11

A situation in which a word has two or more meanings.

Question 12

Discourse

Answer 12

A broad term used to refer to both written and spoken language.

Question 13

Syntax

Answer 13

Rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences.

Question 14

What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?

Answer 14

A phrase is missing either a subject or a verb; a clause has both.

Question 15

Syntactical Ambiguity

Answer 15

A situation where a sentence may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous sentence structure.

Question 16

Pragmatics

Answer 16

The study of how language is used and the effect of context on language.

Question 17

Explicit instruction on syntax structures should be embedded in what?

Answer 17

In the context of reading and writing. (i.e. with a mentor text)

Question 18

5 Functions of Language

Answer 18

1. Frozen/Static
2. Formal
3. Consultative
4. Casual
5. Intimate

Question 19

7 functions children have for speech

Answer 19

1. Instrumental
2. Regulatory
3. Interactional
4. Personal
5. Representational or informative
6. Heuristic
7. Imaginative

Question 20

What is the key instructional setting for growth in CALP?

Answer 20

Cognitively demanding material embedded in context. (i.e. demonstrations, A-V assisted lessons, science experiments, social studies projects)

Question 21

Tier 1 Words

Answer 21

Everyday speech words.

Question 22

Tier 2 Words

Answer 22

General academic words based on grade-level standards.

Question 23

Tier 3 Words

Answer 23

Content-specific words.

Question 24

Relationship between speaking and listening

Answer 24

Both are oral skills. Improving listening skills will improve speaking skills.

Question 25

Relationship between reading and writing

Answer 25

Both are academic skills. Both draw upon shared knowledge bases and help students learn a particular subject.

Question 26

Relationship between listening and reading

Answer 26

Both are receptive skills. Listening skills will help improve a student's reading comprehension.

Question 27

Relationship between speaking and writing

Answer 27

Both are productive skills. The higher the speaking level, the better the writing skills.

Question 28

Discourse Patterns

Answer 28

The culture-bound logical arrangement of ideas in an expository text or of an oral presentation for informational purposes.