Domain 4 Psychotherapies and Related Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Humanistic Therapy (Person-Centered Therapy)
A
a theraputic approach developed by Carl Rogers. Addressing existential concerns and promoting self-actualization. Emphasizes the therapist’s unconditional positive regard, empathy, and the creation of a nonjudgment and supportive environment. Encourages clients to explore their self-concept, values, and meaning in life.
2
Q
Cognitive behavioral therapy
A
structured and goal-oriented therapy that primarily focuses on identifying an dmodigying maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors.
3
Q
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
A
Structured therapy was initially developed for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and focuses on emotional regulation and interpersonal effectiveness.
4
Q
What therapy is for BPD?
A
DBT
5
Q
What therapy is best for combat PTSD?
A
Eye movement desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
6
Q
EMDR
A
Highly effective and evidence-based therapy for PTSD. It involves the use of bilateral stimulation, such as rapid eye movements, to help individuals process and desensitize traumatic memories. EMDR is recognized as one of the best treatments for PTSD, particularly for combat-related trauma, and has been endorsed by organizations like the APA.
7
Q
What is the best therapy for OCD?
A
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
8
Q
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
A
Best therapy for OCD. Highly effective behavior therapy technique specifically designed for OCD. It involves exposing the patient to anxiety-provoking situations or stimuli (exposure) while preventing them from engaging in their compulsive behaviors (response prevention). ERP is considered the gold standard treatment for OCD, and it directly targets the compulsive behavior of handwashing.
9
Q
Systematic desensitization Therapy
A
A behavioral therapy technique used primarily for anxiety disorders to reduce fear and avoidance of specific phobic stimuli. it involves gradual exposure to feared situations while learning relaxation techniques.
10
Q
What are examples of CBT therapies technique?
A
Exposure therapy
behavioral activation
cognitive restructuring
mindfulness medication
11
Q
Exposure therapy
A
Used to treat anxiety disorders, including panic disorders. It involves gradual exposure to the feared situation or stimuli, helping the patient confront and reduce anxiety through desensitization. Exposure therapy is particularly effective for addressing avoidance behaviors and panic triggers in panic disorders.
12
Q
What therapy is used for Panic disorder?
A
exposure therapy
13
Q
what is the focus of psychodynamic therapy?
A
uncovering unconscious conflicts
14
Q
What does humanistic therapy emphasize on?
A
promoting self-actualization and personal growth
15
Q
Focusing on past childhood experiences is key element of what therapy?
A
psychodynamic therapy
16
Q
Analyzing current maladaptive thought patterns is what therapy?
A
is a focus of cognitive behavioral therapy
16
Q
which aspect of humanistic therapy is most aligned with addressing this patient’s needs?
A
client-centered therapy
16
Q
client centered therapy was developed by who?
A
carl rogers
17
Q
client centered therapy is what therapy approach?
A
humanistic therapy
17
Q
what are aspects of exstential therapy?
A
Logotherapy
gestalt therapy
18
Q
Client center therapy emphasizes on providing what?
A
A supportive and nonjudgmental therapeutic environment in which the patient can explore their feelings and experiences. This approach encourages self-actualization and personal growth= humanistic therapy
18
Q
what is logotherapy?
A
developed by viktor frankl, is a specific approach with existential therapy. It focuses on helping individuals find meaning and purpose in their lives, particularly in the face of existential concerns. logotherapy is the most aligned with addressing the patients expressed concerns about the meaning of life.
19
Q
Gestalt therapy
A
related to existential concept, emphasizes the here and now, personal responsibility, and self-awareness in the present moment.
20
Q
The patient expresses a desire to explore existential issues in therapy, related to her life’s purpose and meaning , reflecting often on her mortality and has feelings of anxiety and despair. which aspect of existential therapy is most aligned with addressing this patient’s existential concerns?
exploring the patients unconscious conflicts
focusing on behavioral modification
examing the patients freedom and responsibility
using medication management for anxiety
A
examining the patients freedom and responsibility
This is a central aspect of Existential therapy. Existential therapists help individuals explore their existential concerns, including the meaning of life and their sense of freedom and responsibility.
21
Existential Therapy
Emphasizes on the exploration of philosophical and existential themes, including freedom, responsibility, authenticity, and the search for meaning.
22
what is central to existential therapy?
examining the patients freedom and resonsibility is the central aspect of existential therapy. This helps to explore the meaning of life and the patients sense fo freedom and responsibility.
23
What is the primary goal of therapy for a patient who reports feelis of isolation and sadness due to conflicts with relationship and family and using interpersonal therapy?
Improving interpersonal functioning and relationships.
24
what is IPT, interpsersonal therapy
The primary goal of interpersonal therapy is to improve interpersonal functioning and relationships. It is a time-limited, evidence-based therapy that helps individuals identify and address interpersonal issues, such as conflicts, role transitions, and grief, that may contribute to emotional distress.
time-limited therapy approach specifically designed to address interpersonal issues, conflicts, and social isolation in individuals with depression.
25
If a pt is feeling depressed, with low mood, loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities, sleep disturbances, and decreased energy, reports impacted social life and relationships with ongoing conflicts with family and socially isolated, what therapy approach best choice ?
IPT, INTERPERSONAL THERAPY
26
Psychodynamic therapy explores what?
unconscious conflicts and early life experiences
27
what does family homeostasis refer to?
is the tendency of family members to resist change and maintain familiar roles and dynamics, even when they are dysfunctional.
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what does family morphogenesis mean?
is the process of adapting and changing family roles and dynamics over time in response to individual and environmental factors.
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what is systemic family therapy?
Emphasizes the importance of assessing and understanding the family's communication patterns, roles, and interactions to identify and address relational issues.
family dynamics are shaped by the interactions among its members.
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systemic family therapy focuses on what?
on understanding and addressing the interactions and dynamics within a family system.
this helps to find root cause of emotional distress and work towards improving family relationships
31
what is self-differentiation in systemic family therapy?
refers to an individuals ability to maintain a sense of self while remaining emotionally connected others. It involves the capacity to express one's feelings, thoughts, and needs while also respecting the autonomy of others.
ex: a patients tendency to suppress her own needs and feelings to keep peace suggests a lack of self-differentiation
32
what is enmeshment?
situations in which family memebers are overly involved in each others lives and boundaries between individuals are blurred. enmeshed families often have difficulty distinguishing between their own feelings and needs and those of other family memebers.
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what is triangulation?
occurs when third party is brought into a conflict between two individuals or family members.
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what is scapegoating?
is a family dynamic which one family member is unfairly blamed or targeted for the family's problems.
35
Self-differentiation requires what of each partner in a relationship?
requires the partners to maintain their emotional balance and autonomy while engaging in open and non-reactive communication during conflicts.
self-differentiation is systemic family therapy that emphasizes that individuals within the family should maintain their emotional autonomy and not react impulsively during conflicts. Instead they should engage in open and non-reactive communication to address issues effectively.
36
during therapy session, the PMHNP observes that one of the teenagers consistently tries to align with one parent against the other. this behavior often leads to intensified conflicts within the family. In the context of systemic family therapy, which of the following best describes the concepts of triangulation?
The formation of a problematic alliance or coalition between two family members against a third family member.
This option accurately describes triangulation. Triangulation involves the formation of alliances or coalitions within the family, often leading to increased conflicts and difficulties in resolving issues.
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multisystemic Family Therapy (MST)
IN CASES where a youth is involved in delinquent behavior, such as substance abuse and conflicts with the law, multisystemic family therapy (MST) is often considered the most appropriate intervention. MST targets the various systems that influence the youth's behavior, including family dynamics, peer relationships, school, and the community. It is a comprehensive approach that addresses the complex factors contributing to delinquent behavior and provides strategies for change.
38
What is the primary focus and approach of Multisystemic Family Therapy (MST)?
addressing the sons behavior issues within the context of multiple systems, including family, school, community, and peer groups.
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what is MST?
Multisystemic family therapy is a comprehensive and systemic approach that aims to address complex behavioral issues in adolescents by considering multiple systems in their lives. It involves working within the context of various systems, including family, school, community, and peer groups, to provide a holistic and effective intervention for the adolescent's behavioral problems.
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what is the primary goal of MST?
is to address the complex behavioral problems of adolescents within the context of multiple systems.
41
What question can the PMHNP ask during a therapy session that is central to Solution-Focused Therapy?
The "miricale question." a technique used in solution-focused therapy
42
What question is often referred to as the "miracle question?"
A key technique used to help family envision a future where their problems have improved or resolved.
43
What is the purpose of the miracle question in a therapeutic context?
Is a key technique in Solution-Focused Therapy that encourages clients to imagine a future in which their problems have improved or been resolved. Doing so helps clients set goals and create a vision of positive change. in the context of solution-focused family therapy, this question can promote family members' engagement in the therapeutic process and inspire hope for a better future by collectively envisioning improvements in their family dynamics.
44
which of the following represents a key technique often used in Solution-Focused Therapy to help the family envision positive change?
Using the miracle questions to explore a future where the daughter's issues are resolved.
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WHat is an example of a miracle question?
If all your problems were to magically disappear overnight, what would your family life look like?
46
What is the primary purpose of using scaling questions in a Solution-Focused Family Therapy approach?
To help the family memebers evaluate their current situation on a scale and explore what would make it one point better.
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Scaling questions in Solution Focused family
primary purpose of using scaling questions in solution focused family therapy is to help the family members evaluate their current situation on a sale (1-10) and explore what would make it one point better. This approach encourages clients to focus on small steps of improvement and sets a positive and solution-oriented tone, allowing them to identify realistic goals and solutions for their challenges.
48
What is a key technique in Strategic Family Therapy?
paradoxical directives are key. They involve prescribing the symptom or problematic behavior as a solution to disrupt dysfunctional patterns. by doing so, the therapist can highlight the unworkability of the behavior or provoke resistance from the family, ultimately leading to a shift in family dynamic and the creation of change.
49
What technique can the PMHNP use to provide clear instructions for changing the family's interactions and addressing the conflicts?
using a straightforward directive to provide clear instructions for changing specific behaviors and interactions within the family.
50
straightforward directive is what?
Strategic family therapy to set clear and specific instructions to family members about changing their behaviors and interactions. These directives are designed to create immediate change and address the identified issues directly. they are particularly useful when the foal is to interrupt existing patterns and provide a clear path for behavior change within the family.
51
Reaction formation
When the patient openly expresses attitude that are the opposite of their past behavior (ex:substance abuse) as a way to cope with their own history of substance abuse. This defense mechanism helps the individual suppress or disguise their true feelings or impulses by presenting the opposite attitude or behavior.
52
repression
involves unconsciously (subconsciously) blocking out or forgetting distressing memories or thoughts.
53
supression
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Displacement
the redirection of emotions or impulses from a primary target to a less threatening or unrelated target.
55
A 45yo pt with a history of substance abuse presents for an assessment. the patient has recently quit using drugs and is committed to maintaining sobriety. during the interview, the patient displays excessive moralistic and self-righteous attitudes, often criticizing others who use substances. the patient states, "I can't believe how weak people are for using drugs; they have no self-control." The PMHNP suspects that the patient may be employing a defense mechanism to cope with their own past substance use. Which defense mechanism is the patient most likely using in this scenario?
A) Repression
B) Displacement
C) Rationalization
D) Reaction Formation
D) Reaction Formation
involves expressing the opposite fo one's true feelings as a defense mechanism.
56
A 30 year old patient with a history of childhood trauma and abusive relationships presents with symptoms of avoidance, emotional numbness, and difficulty forming close relationships. The patient's behavior includes avoiding any discussion of their past experiences and often minimizing the impact of traumatic events. Which defense mechanism is most likely at play in this patient's behavior?
A) Reaction Formation
B) Rationalization
C) Denial
D) Displacement
C) Denial
Denial is a common defense mechanism used to avoid facing distressing or painful experiences. In this scenario the patient's avoidance of discussing their traumatic experiences and minimizing their impact suggests a denial of the reality of those experiences. This defense mechanism helps the individual protect themselves from the emotional distress associated with their past trauma.
57
Sublimation
Is the process of channeling potentially harmful impulses or feelings into socially acceptable behaviors.
58
Projection
Involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else.
59
Regression
It involves reverting to a previous stage of development or behavior as a way to cope with stress or conflict.
60
What are the Characteristics in group therapy as outlined by Irvine Yalom?
Instillation of Hope: encouragement that recovery is possible by sharing stories and information.
Universality: recognition of a shared experience and knowing a person’s problems are not unique.
Imparting of Information: teaching about problems and learning factual information about treatment options.
Altruism: helping and supporting others by experiencing the ability to help another person can build self-esteem. It helps to develop adaptive coping mechanisms.
Simulation of the primary family: identifying & changing the dysfunctional patterns or roles one played in the primary family.
Development of social skills: learning new ways to talk about feelings, observations, and concerns.
Imitative Behavior: modeling another’s manners & recovery skills.
Interpersonal Learning (modeling, vicarious learning): finding out about themselves & others from the group. Yalom also describes 3 important concepts with interpersonal learning; 1. The importance of interpersonal relationships, 2. The corrective emotional experience, and 3. The group is a social microcosm.
Group Cohesiveness (belonging): the feeling of belonging to the group, and valuing the group.
Catharsis: the release of emotional tension i.e. a burst of crying. Express emotions in a safe environment.
Existential Factors (risk, responsibility): Learning to take responsibility for one’s own actions.
61
what are the 5 stages or phases of group therapy?
Stage 1. Forming; the orientation phase. The leader is most active in this stage. Universal norms are discussed such as confidentiality, attendance, and rules of communication and participation are addressed. This is the stage that discusses the time frame/termination of the group.
Stage 2. Storming; the transition phase. Anxiety, ambiguity, and conflict become prevalent as group members test and act-out behaviors to define themselves and the group norms. This stage creates an interpersonal climate where members should feel free to disagree with each other.
Stage 3. Norming; the cohesiveness phase. Members develop group-specific standards (cohesiveness) and therapeutic alliance forms such as disapproving late-arriving members, or the level of anger/conflict that will be tolerated.
Stage 4. Working; the performing phase. During this stage, individual growth and team productivity, and effectiveness occur. Members experiment with new ideas or behaviors and egalitarianism develops.
Stage 5. Adjourning; the termination phase. The closure for the group as a whole or the individual that left. The primary task is to discuss and review actual outcomes and achievements, explore feelings of what worked (and what didn’t), and any feelings of loss. Introducing new concerns or initiatives is not appropriate.
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Altruism
Involves providing support, help, and care to fellow group members, which fosters sense of connection and cohesion within the group.
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Universality
Involves the realization that one's struggles and issues are not unique and that others in the group share similar experiences.
64
Existential Factors
in group therapy it involves the exploration of fundamental life questions and concerns.
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Development of Socializing Techniques
The development of socializing technique in group therapy pertains to helping group members improve their interpersonal and social skills.
66
What aspect of ACT, Assertive Community Treatment program is most important to emphasize to the patient during the initial assessment?
Independence in managing daily tasks and responsibilities
ACT is designed to support individuals with severe mental illness in achieving autonomy and self-sufficiency in their daily lives. This includes assistance with housing, employment, and life skills. Empowering the patient to manage their responsibilities while living in the community is a key goal of ACT, and it aligns with the principles of recovery-oriented care and community integration.
67
What are key components of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) program
a team-based approach that provides comprehensive and long-term support in the community, addressing various aspects of a patients life. This aligns with the key components of ACT, which include a multidisciplinary team, community based services, and a holistic approach to care.
68
Structural family therapy
Developed by Salvador Minuchin, it focuses on restructuring the family system by establishing clear roles and boundaries for family members. This approach is designed to reduce conflict and improve family functioning.
It concentrates on the family's structure and hierarchy. Focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional family structures by mapping out family roles, boundaries, and hierarchies, tracking patterns of interaction, and then making strategic interventions to improve communication and resolve power struggles.
69
Systemic Family therapy
involves understanding family dynamics and communication patterns, including self-differentiation and the concept of triangles. It focuses on understanding and improving the family system as a whole.
70
Strategic family therapy
focused on addressing specific problems or behaviors within the family, strategic interventions.
71
What are core assumptions of humanistic therapy that guide your therapeutic approach?
The client has an innate capacity for self-actualization and personal growth.
humanistic therapy is grounded in the assumption that individuals have an innate potential for self-actualization, which means they possess the ability to grow, develop, and reach their full potential as unique individuals. This assumption emphasizes the importance of facilitating the client's self-discovery and personal growth during therapy.
72
Existential therapy is based on what?
assumption that individuals grapple with questions related to the meaning of life, freedom, responsibility, and death. Existential therapists believe that helping clients explore and confront these existential dilemmas can lead to greater self-awareness, authenticity, and a more meaningful existence.
This therapy is grounded in the assumption that individuals have the capacity for self-awareness, choice, and personal responsibility for their actions.
73
According to family systems theory, families seeking equilibrium in the face of change is an example of ?
Homeostasis
The essesnce of family homeostasis is that families seek equilibrium.
74
Repression is ...
involuntary
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Suppression is ...
Voluntary
76
The work of which of the following theorists would help explain the child's behavior and guide treatment?
Bowen
Freud
Bowlby
Erickson
Bowlby
77
Neurobehavioral researchers consider the attachment relationship between infant and caregiver critical primarily because:
Attachment to significant relationships facilitates self-regulation of emotions.
It is through attachment to a significant relationship (parent and caregivers) that the young child begins to find ways to regulate and express emotions. Self-regulation of emotions is an emotional skill that continues to develop throughout childhood and adolescence.
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At what age will a child be expected to play "make-believe"?
Three years of age.
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Which set of adjectives best describes the therapeutic approach to aim to create a therapeutic frame that is both flexible enough for changes and consistent enough for stability and safety when they are working with adolescents who struggle with managing their emotions and have difficulty adapting to different situations?
Mindful, reflective, intentional
80
The most helpful communication technique when working with an avoidant patient with a history of trauma is:
Giving recognition
focusing
restating
giving information
Focusing
81
The ego, which is a part of the personality, might say:
I ought
I should
I evaluate
i want
I evaluate, I think
82
The id, the part of the personality, might say:
seeks immediate gratification of basic needs and desires without regard for consequences, would say I want.
83
The superego represents the moral and ethical standards of the ego and would say what?
I should or I ought.
84
What are the stages of transtheoretical model of change?
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action
85
If the patient recognizes the problem and preparing to act is what stage of transtheoretical model of change?
preparation stage
86
If the patient is unaware of the issue and doesn't plan to change, what stage is the pt in?
precontemplation
87
If the patient recognizes the problem and weighing pros and cons while still ambivalent, what stage is the pt in?
contemplation
88
What stage is the patient in if recent changes have led to positive behavior?
action
89
Empty nest stage is part of what framework?
family life cycle framework
90
What are the stages of Piagets development?
Sensorimotor stage 0-2
preoperational stage 2-7
Concrete operational stage 7-11
Formal Operational stage 12 <
91
What does Piagets theory focus on?
How kids construct or see the world
92
What does Eriksons theory focus on?
Conflicts
93
What does Freud's theory focus on?
Tension and Libido
94
What does Kohlberg theory focus on?
Morals and development
95
Sensorimotor is what theorist, age and meaning?
Piaget's, first stage, 0-2 yo, This stage is characterized by sensory and motor exploration of the world. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions.
sensory and motor; object permanence
96
Preoperational stage
piagets theory, 2-6yo, Is marked by the development of symbolic thinking and language. Egocentrism and magical thinking.
pretend play
97
Concrete operational stage
Piaget's theory, 7-11, involves the development of logical and concrete thinking. Children in this stage can perform conservation tasks and think logically about concrete situations.
Logical and concrete thinking; math,
98
formal operational stage
Piaget's theory, 12<, is marked by the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically.
moral reasoning/abstract thinking
99
What are the stages of Freud?
Oral 0-18m
Anal 18m-36m
Phalic 3-6yo
Latency 6yo-12yo
Genital 12<
Libido and tension
100
Oral stage
0-18m (1.5)
It is characterized by the child's primary source of pleasure and exploration being the mouth. Children in this stage often engage in activities like putting objects in their mouths.
101
anal
Freud, libido and tension second stage
1.5yo /18m-36m/3yo
It is associated with the child's focus and bowel and bladder control.
102
Phallic
Freuds, libido and tension, thrid stage
3yo-6yo
is characterized by the child's growing awareness of their own body and gender differences.
103
Latency
freuds, libido and tension
fourth stage
6-12yo
It is a period of relative calm in psychosexual development, with a focus on social and intellectual activities rather than sexual interests.
104
Genital
Freuds,
fifth stage 12<
105
Socratic questioning
is a CBT techique to help patients explore and challenge their irrational or negative beliefs through a guided questioning process. It encourages patients to examine the evidence for their thoughts and beliefs.
106
as part of CBT treatment, which behavioral technique would be most suitable to address the avoidance behaviors commonly associated with Panic Disorder?
Exposure therapy
107
Which behavioral technique is most appropriate for addressing the compulsive handwashing behaviors in a patient with OCD?
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
108
