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Space Shit > DONE--SPS II > Flashcards

DONE--SPS II Flashcards

Spacecraft Subsystems

1
Q

Which portion of the satellite consists of subsystems and components that support the mission? (70% of the vehicle’s size?)

A

Bus

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2
Q

Which portion of the satellite accomplishes the mission? (30% of the vehicle’s size?)

A

Payload

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3
Q

Communication with the satellite through the bus?

A

Out-of-band

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4
Q

Communication with the satellite through the payload?

A

In-band

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5
Q

Satellite to satellite communication as a relay for up/downlink?

A

Cross-link

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6
Q

What is uplink used for?

A

Command

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7
Q

What is downlink used for?

A

Telemetry

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8
Q

What are the 2 communications subsystems?

A
  1. Telemetry, Tracking, & Commanding (TT&C)
  2. Commanding & Data Handling (C&DH)
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9
Q

What are the 2 control subsystems?

A
  1. Attitude Determination & Control (ADCS)
  2. Guidance, Navigation, & Control (GNC)
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10
Q

What is the collection of satellite subsystems performance, state of health data, and payload data which is transmitted to the RTS?

A

Telemetry

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11
Q

What is the reception and transmission of radiometric ranging signals received from and sent to the RTS?

A

Tracking

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12
Q

What is the reception of uplink commands for the operation of the satellite?

A

Command

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13
Q

What are the 3 components of the Telemetry, Tracking, and Commanding subsystem?

A
  1. Transmitters
  2. Receivers
  3. Antennas
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14
Q

Which subsystem processes, stores, and controls all ground commands, payload data, and telemetry during every phase of the mission?

A

Commanding & Data Handling

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15
Q

What are the 4 components of the C&DH?

A
  1. CPU
  2. Memory
  3. Links
  4. Software
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16
Q

What element receives, validates, demodulates, and distributes commands to the other spacecraft subsystems?

A

Command Decoder

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17
Q

What element gathers, processes, and formats spacecraft housekeeping and mission data for downlink or use by another subsystem?

A

Data Handling Unit

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18
Q

What are the 5 steps of a closed loop control system?

A
  1. Input
  2. Controller
  3. Actuator
  4. Output
  5. Feedback
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19
Q

Which subsystem is responsible for the satellite’s orientation and pointing?

A

Attitude Determination and Control

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20
Q

What are the 3 components of the Attitude Determination and Control subsystem?

A
  1. Controller
  2. Instruments
  3. Sensors
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21
Q

What are the 6 ADCS methods for determining attitude?

A

Eyes:
1. Earth sensors
2. Sun sensors
3. Star sensors
Inner ear:
4. Gyroscopes
5. Magnetospheres
Other:
6. Global Navigation Satellite System

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22
Q

What are the 6 attitude instruments?

A

Passive:
1. Gravity-gradient stabilization
2. Spin stabilization
3. Dampers
Active:
4. Thrusters
5. Magnetic torquers
6. Momentum-control device

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23
Q

Which subsystem is responsible for the satellite’s orbital position?

A

Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC)

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24
Q

Which portion of the GNC generates thrust in a specific direction?

A

Guidance

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25
Which portion of the GNC determines orbital positioning using the velocity vector (V) and positional vector (R) derived from various sensors?
Navigation
26
Which portion of the GNC compares current versus desired position and velocity and sends commands to the actuators?
Control
27
What are the 3 on-board GNC methods for determining orbital positioning?
1. Global Navigation Satellite System 2. Earth, sun, and star sensors 3. Inertial sensors
28
What are the 3 off-board GNC methods for determining orbital positioning?
1. Remote Tracking System ranging 2. Space Surveillance Network 3. Space Domain Awareness
29
Which subsystem regulates and maintains temperature throughout the spacecraft?
Thermal Control Subsystem (TCS)
30
What are the 3 external heat sources?
1. Direct sunlight 2. Albedo 3. Planetary infrared
31
What are the 2 internal heat sources?
1. Internal electronics 2. Isolated heat
32
What is the transfer of heat between substances in direct contact?
Conduction
33
What is the transfer of heat by means of a fluid (gas or liquid) away from the heat source?
Convection
34
What is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves?
Radiation
35
What are the 4 passive (open-loop) thermal controls?
1. Thermal blankets 2. Heat pipes 3. Coatings 4. Louvers
36
What are the 5 active (closed-loop) thermal controls?
1. Heaters 2. Radiators 3. Refrigerators 4. Pumps 5. Louvers
37
Which subsystem generates, stores, and distributes power through the spacecraft?
Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS)
38
Which solar panel configuration is simpler, more robust, but less effective at producing power?
Body-mounted
39
Which solar panel configuration is more complex and provides a higher power-to-weight efficiency?
Sun-tracking
40
Which solar panel configuration can be deployed and retracted?
Roll out
41
Which type of solar panel mechanism uses exploding bolts?
Low cycle
42
Which type of solar panel configuration mechanism uses a motor and is repeatable?
High cycle
43
What mechanism constantly operates to track the sun and maintain the proper incidence angle for Earth/Space-pointing attitude?
Solar Array Drive Mechanism
44
What stores energy and supplies power to components as needed?
Batteries
45
What battery configuration increases battery voltage but maintains the same current and charge capacity as a single cell?
Wired in series
46
What battery configuration increases current and charge capacity but maintains the same voltage as a single cell?
Wired in parallel
47
Which battery cell material is susceptible to the Memory Effect (voltage depression caused by repeatedly discharging the battery to a fixed percentage)?
Nickel Cadmium
48
Which battery cell material is not susceptible to the Memory Effect but stores a relatively small amount of power relative to its mass-to-volume ratio?
Nickel hydrogen
49
Which battery cell material is not susceptible to the Memory Effect and is significantly lighter and more efficient?
Lithium ion
50
What is the result of buildup of large electrolyte crystals within the internal chemistry of the battery cell resulting in decreased discharge voltages which appears as decreased charge capacity?
Voltage depression
51
What is the discharge of a battery beyond the manufacturer's specified lower voltage limit, but still above zero volts?
Deep discharge
52
What is the process of discharging the battery to the lower voltage limit then charging it at a controlled speed back to full charge without overcharging?
Reconditioning
53
What is responsible for allocating power in the correct voltages and currents to the rest of the satellite's subsystems and payload?
Power Management and Distribution (PMAD)
54
What is the process of prioritizing components and shutting off power to less vital components to preserve energy?
Load shedding
55
Which subsystem involves the satellite frame, how the other subsystems are attached to the frame, and the threats the frame must face?
Structures
56
Which structure type has a specific shape with a honeycomb structure inside where equipment boxes attach?
Open truss
57
Which structure type attaches equipment directly to the structure and has no specific shape?
Body-mounted
58
Which structure type has a specific shape with some equipment attached to the exterior?
Combined
59
What are the 4 types of structural load?
1. Tension 2. Compression 3. Shear 4. Torsion
60
What are the 4 causes of structural load?
1. Acceleration 2. Vibration 3. Pyrotechnic Shock 4. Thermal stress
61
What are the 2 effects of structural load?
1. Stress - load is applied as pressure, force per area 2. Strain - temporary deformation due to applied load
62
What are the 5 space hazards to the structural subsystem?
1. Thermal radiation 2. Space vacuum 3. Micrometeroids and debris 4. Charged particle radiation 5. Atomic oxygen
63
What is the rocket which supplies the necessary acceleration needed to transport the satellite into it's temporary or final orbit?
Launch vehicle
64
What is the process of detecting, identifying, observing, and measuring an object without making direct contact?
Remote sensing
65
What type of remote sensing measures and records energy that is externally produced off-board? Examples: Electro-Optical Sensors and Infrared Sensors
Active
66
What type of remote sensing measures and records energy that it produces on-board? Example: Synthetic Aperture Radar
Passive
67
What are the 5 classifications of payload sensors, their type, and energy used?
1. Electro-Optical - passive - EM light 2. Radar - active - microwaves 3. Infrared - passive or active - IR energy 4. SATCOM - passive and active - radio frequency 5. PNT - passive - radio frequency

Space Shit (10 decks)

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