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Pharmacology - year 2 > Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Define dosage forms

A

means by which drug molecules are delivered to sites of action within the body

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2
Q

List some of the needs of dosage form

A

1.accurate dosage
2. protection of API from environment &gastric juices
3.Masking taste & odour
4.Sustained & controlled release
5.optimal drug action
6. insertion of drugs into body ( e.g revtum)
7. use of desired vehicle for insoluble drugs

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3
Q

How are dosage forms classified ?

A
  1. Route of administration ( oral , topical , inhaled , opthalmic)
  2. physical form ( solid , semisolid , liquid , gaseous )
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4
Q

Define Tablet & shape

A

Hard compressed medication , round , oval /square

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5
Q

Define an excipient & what is includes

A
  1. binder , glidants ( flow aids ) & lubricants = efficient tabletting
  2. Disintegrants = break up tablet in digestive tract
  3. Sweetener = mask bad taste of API
    4.Pigments = attraction
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6
Q

Why are some drugs coated

A
  1. Mask taste
  2. smooth + easy swallow
  3. more resistance to environment
  4. extend shelf life
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7
Q

Types of tablets

A
  1. buccal & sublingual
  2. effervescent
  3. chewable tablets
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8
Q

Advantages of buccal & sublingual tablet + examples

A
  1. rapidly dissolve through mucous membrane into bloodstream
    2.avoid first pass effect ( metabolism in liver)

examples : vasodilators , steroidal hormones

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9
Q

List everything you know effervescent tablet
- content
- what releases ?

A

-uncoated tablet
Content : acid ( citric & tartaric) & bi/carbonates
- dissolved in water = release co2
- pleasnt tasting carbonated medication

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10
Q

Chewable tablet
- use

A

chew prior to swallow
Use : giving vitamins to children

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11
Q

Capsules - made from what + purpose?

A

Made; gelatin container
purpose : mask unpleasant taste

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12
Q

Types of capsules

A

1.Hard shelled = dry, powered
2. Soft shelled = oil , API dissolves in oil

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13
Q

Lozenges

A

solid preparation consisting of sugar & gum
use: medication for throat & cough

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14
Q

Purpose of sugar & gum in lozenges

A

Strength + cohesivness to lozenge , allowing for slow release

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15
Q

Pastilles
-bases ?

A

-solid
-dissolve slowly in mouth
-softer than lozenges
Bases : glycerol & gelatin OR acacia & sugar

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16
Q

Dental cone
role?

A

tablet placed in empty socket following tooth extraction
Role: prevent local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria
- anti/septi/microbial

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17
Q

Granules
-admin?
-type?

A

solid, dry aggregates of powder particles
Admin = swallow w water / dissolve in water
Type= effervesent granules e.g eno

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18
Q

Types of oral powders

A

1.bulky powder
2. powder for mixtures

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19
Q

Bulky powder

A
  • multidose preparation
  • solid , loose , dry particles
  • one / more active ingredients w/wo excipients
  • have non potent medication e.g antacids
    admin = powder dispersed in water / dissolved (effervescent)
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20
Q

storage powder of mixtures ?

A
  • stored in dry form / appropriate vehicle
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21
Q

Give the types of liquid preparations (9)

A
  1. Solution
  2. Emulsion
  3. Suspension
    4.Syrup
  4. Elixir
    6.Linctuses
  5. Oral drops
  6. Gargles
  7. Mouth washes
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22
Q

Solution

A
  • one homogenous phase
  • one/more active ingredients dissolved in a solvent ( aq/oil)
    Admin = all routes
23
Q

Emulsion

A

stabilizing oil in water - contain the dissolved API

24
Q

Suspension

A
  • one /more active ingredients suspended in suitable vehicle
  • show sediment - dispersed upon shaking = uniform susp
25
Syrup
-Concentrated aq soln of sugar ( sucrose) -mask taste - esp for children
26
Elixir
-pleasant flavor liquid of potent /nauseous drugs -high proportion of ehtanol + antimicrobial preservatives , confers stability of the preparation
27
Linctuses -condition -content -dose
-Viscous , liquid -condition - relief cough -content = high syrup + glycerol : has demulcent effect(relieves irritation) on throat -dose = 5ml : longer effect - taken undiluted
28
Oral drop
admin = small volumes w suitable measuring device Types : solution , suspension , emulsion
29
Gargles
aq soln used to treat throat infections Preparation : concentrated solution w direction to warm before use
30
Mouthwashes - use
similar gargle use : oral hygeine
31
Topical dosage forms (13)
1. ointment 2. cream 3. Gels 4. poultice 5. pastes 6. dusting powders 7. transdermal patch 8.plasters 9.liniments 10. lotions 11. collodion 12. paints 13.inhalers
32
Ointment apply?
semi- solid , greasy Apply: skin , rectum , nasal - allows application of dissolved medicaments
33
Creams
semi solid emulsion
34
Types of creams
1.Oil & water 2.Water in oil
35
Oil in water cream -adv ?
small drop oil disperse in continous aq soln Adv - comfortable , cosmetically pleasing , easy wash off , less greasy
36
Water in oil creasm
-small drop water dispersed in continous oily phase -Disad - difficult to handle - hydrophobic
37
Types Rectal dosage forms
1. Suppository 2. Enema
38
Suppository -works? -uses?
cone shape , solid mass uses : rectum / vaginal how it works? melts at body temp & have local / systemic action
39
Enema - def - types
introducing liquids into rectum Types 1.Evacuant 2.Retention
40
Evacuant enema
use: bowel stimualant for constipation - uses high volumes (2lt) - warmed to body temp before admin
41
Retention enema
- volume not exceed 100ml -no need warm uses : local - barium enema = imaging bowel Systemic - nutrient enema - when med cannot be deliverrd by mouth such as antiemetics(prevent nausea/vomit)
42
Parenteral dosage forms (INJECTION) - types
infusion method - put liquid into body via needle w syringe , pierced through skin Types 1. Intravenous 2. Intramuscular 3. Subcutaneous
43
Inhaled dosage forms (inhalers)
-soln , suspension / emulsion of drug in mixture of inert propellants held under pressure in aerosol dispenser - inhaled through mouth piece use: lung diseases
44
Components of drug
API - active pharmaceutical ingredient excipeints
45
what is conventional release
dissolution of excipient with release of API absorbed based on physiochemical properties of API
46
What is controlled release of drug
releases API under controlled system , obeys zero order kinetics , once a peak concentration is obtained the release is maintained
47
Advantages of controlled release
- avoid fluctuation of plasma level - improves safety - decreases frequency of drug admin so improve compliance
48
Pessary
solid meted preparation to insert in vagina - dissolve
49
Types of pessaries
1. Moulded - cone shape 2.Compressed = D shapes , made by compression like oral tablets 3. Vaginal capsules = similar to soft gelatin oral capsules
50
Liniment example?
-semi/Fluid, semi/solid - apply on skin -may be alcoholic/oily solns / emulsion s - massaged into skin to relieve pain - NOT applied to broken skin e.g deep heat
51
Transdermal patch first one? adv?
medicated adhesive patch placed on skin Adv : provides controlled release of medicament First = scopolamine (for motion sickness
52
what are the major types of inhalers
1. Metered dose (MDI) 2.Dry powder (DPI) 3.Soft mist (SMI)
53
what is the classification of mouth wash
oropharyngeal formulation - even tho not designed to swallow
54
Which of the following dosage forms delivers the API to the GI tract? a) Rectal suppositories b) Nasal sprays c) Vaginal pessaries d) Eye drops
A - WHY? - rectum is the last part of git

Pharmacology - year 2 (3 decks)

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