Dosage Forms Flashcards by Letitia Brooks

Oral dosage forms

Tablets
Liquid

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Tablet Qualities

Leave a chalky film on tray
Clean tray especially after penicillins and sulfa
Can be scored for breaking

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Types of Tablets

Buccal (between cheek and gum)
Sublingual (under tongue)
Chewable

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Absorption of Tablets

Enteric coated (dissolve in small intestine)
Troches and lozenges (held in mouth; absorbed over time)
Capsules (gelatin shell)
Effervescent (dissolve in water and drink)

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Special note on gelatin shells

Gelatin shell attracts dust from the tray…clean it!

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Release characteristics

IR (immediate) unless otherwise defined
Over time

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Controlled Release

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ER/XR

Extended Release

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LA release

Long Acting

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Delayed Release

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SA release

Sustained Action

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Liquid Formulations

Solution
Suspension
Reconstitutable
Elixir
Spirit
Syrup
Emulsion

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Solution

Medicine equally distributed in water

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Suspension

Settles to bottom - SHAKE WELL

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Reconstitutable (type of suspension)

Comes powdered, add distilled water
Short shelf life; make when picked up
WAIT FOR PATIENT to reconstitute
Lasts 7-14 days
Often refrigerated

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Elixir

Alcohol
Water
Active ingredient

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Spirit

higher concentration of alcohol
water
active ingredient

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Syrup

Sugar
Water
Active ingredient
Do not sweeten

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Emulsion

Oil
Water
Active ingredient
SHAKE WELL

Notes on shaking

Shake before giving to patient
Patient shakes before taking
Auxiliary label - “SHAKE WELL” for suspensions and emulsions
Use container not too big and not too small when reconstituting

Roman numerals on bottles indicating size

i
ii
iv
vi
viii

1 Fluid Once approximately equals

30 mL

30 mL approximately equals

1 fl oz

Topical Forms

Cream
Lotion
Ointment
Colloidon
Liniment
Matrix

Cream

Absorbs fast Small areas provides little protection

Lotion

Absorbs fast Larger areas More water content

Ointment

Greasy Absorbs slow greater protection than cream or lotion

Colloidon

Syrup-like liquid Dries clear Close small wounds, abrasions, cuts (Liquid Band-Aid)

Liniment

Typically for pain Heat on large areas Temporary relief of muscle pain (Icy Hot)

Matrix

Gel-like Locks medicine in cube Slowly releases active ingredient over time (transdermal patch)

Otic

Ear Non-sterile DO NOT PUT IN EYE

Ophthalmic

Eye ALWAYS STERILE can be used in ear

Wording Routes of Administration - ORAL

adult - TAKE X tabs by mouth child - GIVE X tabs by mouth

Wording Routes of Administration - EXTERNAL

APPLY to affected area

Wording Routes of Administration - SUPPOSITORY

INSERT X into rectum/vagina

Wording Routes of Administration - DROPS

INSTILL X drops into left/right/both eye(s)/ear(s)

Wording Routes of Administration - NEBULIZER

USE X VIAL via nebulizer

Wording Routes of Administration - INHALER

INHALE X PUFF(s) by mouth

Wording Routes of Administration - NASAL SPRAY

INHALE X PUFF(s) into each nostril

Prescription origins (4)

Written (typed, printed, handwritten) Fax (KEEP HEADER AND FOOTER) Phoned (ONLY PHARMACIST) Electronic (secure link)

Requirements of all non-controlled prescriptions

Doctor name/contact info Doctor signature Date Patient name Medication name Medication strength Medication dosage form medication route of administration Directions Quantity Refills DAW

Sample quantities

#5 Disp 5 DTD 5 (give of 5 doses) V v 5 Five Q.S. (quantity sufficient - dispense the necessary quantity to fill the prescription)

DAW Code 0

0 - unchecked box Dispense generic when available Written for brand - it is legal and commonplace to dispense generic when available but required by law to have "GENERIC FOR" on label

DAW Code 1

1 - checked box "brand name medically necessary" Doctor mandates to dispense brand

DAW Code 2

2 - unchecked box PATIENT wants brand name, so dispense brand

Brand vs. Generic

BRAND - Patent for 12-15 years to recoup cost GENERIC - same active/inactive ingredients same pharmacokinetics therapeutic equivalent

Generics that are NOT as good as brand

Lanoxin - digoxin Coumadin - warfarin sodium Synthroid - levothyroxine sodium very small change in dose can result in undesired consequences