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Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

What are capsules?

A

Oblong, gelatin containers filled with medication

Most are intended to be swallowed and absorbed through the GI tract

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2
Q

What inactive ingredients are commonly found in capsules?

A
  • Diluents
  • Disintegrants
  • Preservatives
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3
Q

What are gelcaps?

A

Capsules filled with liquid medication

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4
Q

How should most capsules be taken?

A

Swallowed whole

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5
Q

What can happen if certain capsules are opened?

A
  • Incorrect dosing
  • Destruction of release mechanism
  • Poor tolerability
  • Handling concerns
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6
Q

What are tablets?

A

Produced by compression

Most are intended to be swallowed and absorbed through the GI tract

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7
Q

What are the inactive ingredients in tablets?

A
  • Binders
  • Diluents
  • Disintegrants
  • Lubricating agents
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8
Q

What are standard compressed tablets known as?

A

Plain tablets (SCT)

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9
Q

What are multiple compressed tablets (MCT)?

A

Layered tablets

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10
Q

What are caplets?

A

Tablets shaped like capsules

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11
Q

What should be done with tablets that have a score line?

A

They can be split

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12
Q

What is the risk of chewing a tablet not formulated to be chewed?

A

Tolerability or dosing issues

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13
Q

What is the purpose of coating on tablets?

A

Prevents tablet from dissolving in stomach

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14
Q

What types of coatings are there for tablets?

A
  • Enteric-coated
  • Film-coated
  • Buffered coatings
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15
Q

What are buccal tablets designed for?

A

Placed in between cheek and gum and dissolve slowly in the mouth

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16
Q

What is the benefit of sublingual tablets?

A

Dissolve rapidly and are absorbed through the blood vessels under the tongue

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17
Q

What is a characteristic of chewable tablets?

A

Intended to be chewed before swallowing

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18
Q

What does ODT stand for?

A

Oral Disintegrating Tablets

19
Q

What are effervescent tablets?

A

Contain mixtures of acids and bicarbonates that release carbon dioxide

20
Q

How should effervescent tablets be administered?

A

Dissolved in water first, then administered like a drink

21
Q

What are lozenges also known as?

22
Q

What are thin strips in medication?

A

Small films that melt in the mouth

23
Q

What are controlled-release tablets and capsules designed for?

A

Releases medication over an extended period of time

24
Q

What are the different types of controlled-release mechanisms?

A
  • LA (long-acting)
  • TR (timed-release)
  • SA (sustained-action)
  • ER (extended-release)
  • SR (sustained-release)
25
What should be noted about dosage forms with the same active ingredient?
They are not therapeutically equivalent
26
What are liquid oral dosage forms?
Forms of medication taken by mouth that are in liquid state ## Footnote Includes solutions, suspensions, elixirs, syrups, spirits, tinctures, and fluid extracts.
27
Define solutions in the context of liquid oral dosage forms.
Solute is completely dissolved in a solvent ## Footnote Often clear and transparent, can contain coloring, flavors, sweeteners, and preservatives.
28
What distinguishes suspensions from solutions?
Solid particles are dispersed in a liquid, but not completely dissolved ## Footnote Suspensions are cloudy and colored, and often contain a thickening agent.
29
What is the purpose of the 'shake well' auxiliary label on suspensions?
Indicates that the product must be mixed before administration ## Footnote Ensures proper distribution of the solid particles.
30
Describe elixirs.
Clear, sweetened, flavored, hydroalcoholic mixtures ## Footnote Useful for drugs that do not dissolve in water alone.
31
What are syrups in liquid oral dosage forms?
Concentrated solutions of sugar in water ## Footnote May or may not contain active ingredients and usually contain little to no alcohol.
32
What defines spirits in liquid oral dosage forms?
Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances ## Footnote They contain a high percentage of alcohol and should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers.
33
What are tinctures?
Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable extracts ## Footnote Commonly used for herbal preparations.
34
Define fluid extracts.
Liquid extracts of vegetable drugs that contain alcohol as a solvent ## Footnote They contain higher amounts of alcohol and are more potent than tinctures.
35
What does reconstitution involve?
Adding a specific amount of water or another diluent to a powder to create a solution or suspension ## Footnote It's essential to check product labeling for specific instructions.
36
List the steps involved in the reconstitution procedure.
* Determine amount of water/liquid needed * Measure water in appropriate device * Tap and invert stock bottle * Add 1/2 to 2/3 of total amount of water * Shake bottle vigorously * Add remaining water * Shake bottle vigorously ## Footnote Ensures proper mixing and stability.
37
What auxiliary labels are needed for suspensions?
'Shake Well' ## Footnote Indicates the need to mix before use.
38
What auxiliary labels are needed for reconstituted powders?
* 'Use by date' * 'Refrigerate' when applicable * 'Do not refrigerate' when applicable ## Footnote Ensures proper storage and usage.
39
What is the role of calibrated dosing devices?
Ensures the proper amount of medication is administered ## Footnote Important for accurate dosing.
40
What are household spoons used for in liquid medication?
Can range from 2 mL to 10 mL ## Footnote Can lead to over- or underdosing if not calibrated.
41
Describe oral syringes.
Consist of a plunger, cannula (barrel), without a needle ## Footnote Good for measuring small, exact amounts of liquid medication.
42
What are dosing cups used for?
Have demarcations for measuring teaspoons or tablespoons ## Footnote Suitable for medications that don’t require precise small amounts.
43
What is the function of droppers in liquid medications?
Contain a small, squeezable bulb at one end and a hollow tube at the other end ## Footnote May be calibrated to match the viscosity of the medication for proper dosing.

Pharmacy Tech Training (4 decks)

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