Dose Flashcards
Exposure is _____ to establish potential hazard
sufficient
Potency requires?
Dose response data
“The dose makes the poison”
paracelsus
routes of exposure
ingenstion
skin contact
inhalation
skin absorption
Dose =
C x IR x AF x EF / BW concentration intake rate bioavailability factor exposure factor body weight
volumetric conversion factor
1 liter/1000 cm^3
conversion factor for soil concentration
10^-6 kg/mg
NHANES
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
potential dose
amount of chemical contained in substance swallowed, inhaled or applied to skin
potential dose compared to absorbed dose
absorbed will always be less.
components of an exposure to dose conversion
- concentration at the point of contact
- calculate exposure
- determine intake rate
- estimate potential dose
- calculate time-weighted dose
gas under STP
mg/m^3 = ppm x MW/24.5
inhalation default rate
20 m^3 air per day
drinking default rate
2 L water / day
Average daily dose (ADD)
average dose per day over period of interest
Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD)
Dose potential / averaging time
default lifetime
75 years
dose (potential)
concentration x duration x intake rate / BW
Exposure factor
for intermittent exposures
=duration/averaging time
CPF
cancer potency factor
linear extrapolation from high dose animal or human studies
1 eV = _____ Joules
1.6x10^-19
1 RAD = ____ Joules
0.01 Joule
1 Gy = ____ rad
100 Rad
Joule/kg