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Simmons NURP 501 Exam 4 > Down syndrome > Flashcards

Flashcards in Down syndrome Deck (16)
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1
Q

Common characteristics

A
  • hypotonia
  • hyperlaxity
  • oblique palpebral fissures
  • protruding tongue
  • flat nasal bridge
  • small ears
  • brushfield spots on iris
  • short
  • wide hands with palmar simian creases
  • growth retardation
  • epicanthal folds
  • wide gap between the first and second toes
  • mental retardation
2
Q

Down Syndrome Complications

A
  • cardiac anomalies
  • ocular anomalies
  • myopia
  • serous otitis media
  • hearing loss
  • thyroid disease
  • Gi tract abnormalities: duodenal stenosis and hirschsprung disease
  • psychiatric disorders
  • delayed sexual development
  • leukemia ~10-20 times higher than non DS child
  • renal and urinary anomalies
  • eye issues: refractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, blepharitis, cataracts and glaucoma
  • MSK abnormalities: reduced muscle strength, low bone density, atlantoaxial instability
  • autism
3
Q

Screening for down syndrome

AFP elevated or decreased?

A

decreased

4
Q

Screening for down syndrome

uE3 elevated or decreased?

A

decreased

5
Q

Screening for down syndrome

hCG elevated or decreased?

A

elevated

6
Q

Screening for down syndrome

DIA elevated or decreased?

A

elevated

7
Q

Management for Downs Syndrome

A
  • early intervention
  • integrated classrooms
  • immunizations
  • cardiac care
  • hearing screening
  • growth monitoring
  • thyroid screening~ 1 to 18 years
  • GI care
  • atlantoaxial screening
  • leukemia screening
8
Q

When should a cardiac echo be done?

A

at diagnosis and PRN

9
Q

when should screening for mitral valve prolapse be done?

A

adolescence

10
Q

when should hearing be checked?

A

at birth

again at 6 months

11
Q

when should eye screening be done?

A

4, 12, and 24 months

every 2 years and PRN

12
Q

when should thyroid screening be done ?

A

6 and 12 months

then annually

13
Q

when should cervical spine screening be done?

A

3-5 years

14
Q

Other specific recommendations for DS

A
  • early intervention at birth
  • use DS growth charts
  • screen for hip dislocation through 10 yrs
  • pneumoccocal vaccine
  • screen for OSA
  • Dietary and physical activity routines
  • skin problems
15
Q

Long term follow up for DS

A
  • assist with transition to adult providers

- social -sexual education

16
Q

Common conditions in adults with DS

A
  • atlantoaxial subluxation~misalignment of the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae
  • hypothyroidism
  • cardiac findings
  • early dementia
  • adult onset epilepsy
  • spinal stenosis
  • mental health problems
  • abuse and conduct disorders
  • cataracts
  • hearing loss
  • osteoporosis
  • Obstructive sleep apnea