Dr. Hall Flashcards
(41 cards)
1
Q
CMV
A
Cytomegalovirus
2
Q
Sites where antivirals work
A
- Viral attachment/ entry
- Uncoating
- Nucleic acid synthesis
- Transcription/ translation
- Packaging/Assembly
- Release
3
Q
Single stranded RNA virus
A
-Influenza
4
Q
Which type of influenza is responsible for pandemcis
A
-Influenza A
5
Q
Drifts lead to
A
- Epidemics
- Minor changes/point mutations
6
Q
Shifts lead to
A
- Pandemics
- Major changes resulting in antigen alterations
7
Q
MoA of Neuraminidase inhibitors
A
- Interfere with viral release from host cells
- Active on both influenza A and B
8
Q
Tamiflu
A
- Oseltamivir (oral)
- Neuraminidase inhibitor
9
Q
Relenza Diskhaler
A
- Zanamivir (inhalable)
- Neuraminidase inhibitor
- Do NOT use in COPD/Asthma pts
10
Q
Rapivab
A
- Peramivir (IV)
- Neuraminidase inhibitor
- Single dose
11
Q
Potential side effect of all Neuraminidase inhibitors
A
- Potential to cause neuropsychiatric events
- Confusion, delirium, hallucinations
12
Q
Xofluza
A
- Baloxavir
- New influenza drug with new MoA
- Cleaves primer from host RNA “Cap snatching”
- No viral mRNAs = no infection
13
Q
Amatadine and Rimantadine
A
- Blockade of the influenza M2 proton ion channel
- Interferes with uncoating
- No longer used due to development of resistance
14
Q
HSV 1
A
- Oral herpes (cold sores)
- Docosanol (Abreva)
- Peniciclovir (Denavir)
15
Q
Abreva (OTC)
A
- Docosanol
- Aliphatic alcohol
- Blocks fusion between HSV envelope and host cell membrane
- Apply 5x daily
16
Q
Denavir
A
- Peniciclovir
- Topical nucleoside analog
- Competes with dGTP analog for viral polymerase
17
Q
HSV 2
A
-Genital herpes
18
Q
VZV
A
- Chickenpox
- Can later emerge as herpes zoster (Shingles)
19
Q
CMV
A
- Infects severely immunocompromised patients
- Organ transplant
- Often result of viral reactivation
20
Q
Zovirax
A
- Acyclovir
- Nucleoside analog
- Used to treat HSV 2
- Poorly absorbed (multiple small doses helps)
- Resistance through viral TK alteration or DNA polymerase
21
Q
Cytovene
A
- Ganciclovir (IV)
- Treatment of choice
- Nucleoside analog
- Impairment of fertility, fetal toxicity, mutagenesis/carcinogenesis
22
Q
Valcyte
A
- Valganciclovir (oral)
- Prodrug of Ganiciclovir (Cytovene)
- Treatment of choice
- Nucleoside analog
23
Q
Foscavir
A
- Foscarnet
- Used to treat REFRACTORY cases of CMV
- Do not require activation by viral TK
- Resistance = mutations in DNA polymerase
- Can remain in bone for several months
24
Q
Cidofovir
A
- Used to treat REFRACTORY cases of CMV
- Do not require activation by viral TK
- Nephrotoxicity, neutropenia, carcinogenic/teratogenic
25
Prevymis
- Letermovir
| - Prophylaxis for CMV
26
Prevymis
- Letermovir
| - Prophylaxis for CMV
27
HAV epidemiology
- Single stranded RNA virus
- Self limiting
- Treat with supportive care
28
HBV epidemiology
- Double stranded DNA virus
- Reactivation is primary concern
- Can insert into human DNA and lay dormant for years
29
HCV epidemiology
- Single stranded RNA virus
- Chronic
- Not curable
30
Why should pts be tested for HIV before starting HBV therapy?
- Many of the treatment options in HBV are the same as in HIV
- However monotherapy is appropriate in HBV but NOT in HIV
- If pt is also HIV positive us multiple drug therapy
31
Viread
- Tenofovir disproxil fumarate
- Adenosine nucleotide analog
- To treat chronic HBV infection
32
Baraclude
- Entecavir
- Cyclopentyl guanosine nucleoside analog
- Inhibits HBV polymerase
- Take on empty stomach
33
Baraclude
-Entecavir
34
Name clue -previr
- NS3/4A
- Protease inhibitor
- Used to treat HCV
- NOT for patients with advanced liver disease
35
Name clue -asvir
- NS5A
- Replication complex inhibitor
- Used to treat HCV
36
Name clue -buvir
- NS5B
- Polymerase inhibitor
- Used to treat HCV
37
Mavyret
- Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir)
- Covers all HCV genotypes
- Take with food
38
Epclusa
- Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir
- Covers all HCV genotypes
- Sofosbuvir is a prodrug
39
Harvoni
- Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir
- Treats HCV genotypes 1,4
- Avoid administration with acid suppressive therapy
40
Ribatol or Ribashpere
- Ribavirin
- Can be added on to Epclusa or Harvoni for the sickest of patients
- Only used in combo with the drugs stated above
- DO NOT use as monotherapy
- Take with high fat meal
41
Ribatol or Ribashpere
- Ribavirin
| - Can be added on to Epclusa or Harvoni for the sickest of patients
