DR. LEAL - ENDOCRINE DRUGS Flashcards
(49 cards)
○ Autosomal dominant genetic disease
associated with growth failure, obesity, and carbohydrate intolerance.
○ GH treatment
decreases body fat
increases lean body mass, linear growth, and energy expenditure.
Prader-Willi Syndrome
shown to increase final height in girls with Turner syndrome by 10–15 cm (4–6 inches).
GH TREATMENT
● For treatment of severe IGF-I deficiency that is not
responsive to GH.
● Recombinant human IGF-I
● Adverse effect: hypoglycemia
MECASERMIN
Initial therapy of choice for GH-secreting adenomas
Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery
reduce the production of GH.
Somatostatin analogs
dopamine receptor agonists
GH receptor antagonist;
prevents GH from activating GH signaling pathways.
PEGVISOMANT
reserved for patients
with inadequate response to surgical and medical therapies.
RADIATION THERAPY
○ 14-amino-acid peptide.
○ Found in the hypothalamus, parts of CNS,
pancreas, and other sites in the GIT.
○ Functions primarily as an
Inhibitory Paracrine Factor and
Inhibits the release of GH, TSH, glucagon, insulin, and gastrin.
○ Rapidly cleared from the circulation, with a half-life of 1-3 minutes.
○ Short duration of action.
SOMATOSTATIN
○ 14-amino-acid peptide.
○ Found in the hypothalamus, parts of CNS,
pancreas, and other sites in the GIT.
○ Functions primarily as an Inhibitory Paracrine Factor and Inhibits the release of GH, TSH, glucagon, insulin, and gastrin.
○ Rapidly cleared from the circulation, with a
half-life of 1-3 minutes.
○ Short duration of action.
SOMATOSTATIN
○ Somatostatin analog
○ 45x more potent than somatostatin in inhibiting GH release but only 2x as potent in reducing insulin secretion.
○ Reduced effect on pancreatic beta cells, hyperglycemia rarely occurs during treatment.
OCTREOTIDE
useful in localizing neuroendocrine tumors having somatostatin receptors
helps predict the response to octreotide therapy.
○ Useful for the acute control of bleeding from esophageal varices.
radiolabeled octreotide
Somatostatin analog
Approved for the treatment of acromegaly
Appears to have effects comparable to those of octreotide in reducing GH levels and normalizing IGF-I concentrations.
LANREOTIDE
GH receptor antagonist used to treat Acromegaly
Does not inhibit GH secretion and may lead to increased GH levels and possible adenoma growth
PEGVISOMANT
● Used in states of infertility to stimulate spermatogenesis in men and to induce follicle development and ovulation in women.
● Most common clinical use for controlled ovarian stimulation, which is the cornerstone of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).
FSH, LH, AND HCG
● aka Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (hMG)
● Obtained from the urine of post-menopausal women.
● Partially broken down into FSH and LH in the body.
MENOTROPIN
○ Purified preparation of human FSH.
○ Extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women.
○ Withdrawn from the US market in 2015.
Urofollitropin (uFSH)
○ First and only recombinant form of human LH.
○ Withdrawn in 2012.
○ SQ injection: has a half-life of about 10 hours.
LUTROPIN ALFA
○ For stimulation of follicular development in
infertile hypogonadotropic hypogonadal women with profound LH deficiency (<1.2 IU/L).
○ May also be of benefit in certain subgroups of normogonadotropic women
Lutropin alfa with follitropin alfa
Produced by the human placenta and excreted into
the urine, hence it can be extracted and purified.
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
○ A recombinant form of hCG.
○ Purified from human urine.
○ Administered by SQ or IM injection.
○ Injection for those who want to get pregnant.
Choriogonadotropin alfa (rhCG)
○ Used to induce follicle development and ovulation in women with anovulation that is secondary to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome, and other causes.
○ Also used for controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology procedures.
GONADOTROPINS
○ Two primary risks of ovulation induction:
- Multiple pregnancies (twins or triplets)
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
GONADOTROPINS
required to stimulate the gonadotrophs to produce and release LH and FSH.
Pulsatile GnRH secretion
used to induce gonadal suppression in men with prostate cancer or children with central precocious puberty.
GnRH agonists
