Dr. Rosato L1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Dr. Rosato L1 Deck (22)
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1
Q

meaning of “diploid”

A

two copies of each gene/chromosome, one from maternal and one from paternal

2
Q

meaning of “haploid”

A

one copy of each gene/chromosome such as sperm/egg/gamete

3
Q

meaning of “gene”

A

a fragment of DNA encoding RNA

4
Q

meaning of “Alleles”

A

> alternative forms of same gene

> pair of genes on a chromosome that determines characteristics such as hair colour

5
Q

meaning of “homologous”

A

same gene in different species

6
Q

meaning of “homologues”

A

copies related by descent

7
Q

meaning of “homolog”

A

anything the same, same function

8
Q

meaning of “orthologs”

A

type of homolog that are a result of speciation

9
Q

meaning of “paralogs”

A

type of homolog that is a result of duplication

10
Q

meaning of “analogous”

A

similar function but having a different evolutionary origin, such as the wings of insects and birds.

11
Q

meaning of “genotype”

A

specific allele composition

12
Q

meaning of “phenotype”

A

form that is seen- characteristics such hair colour, given by genotype

13
Q

meaning of “haplotype”

A

DNA variations (polymorphisms) that tend to be inherited together from a single parent

14
Q

meaning of incomplete dominance

A

Incomplete dominanceis a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. This results in a third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a combination of the phenotypes of both alleles.

For example, If you had a blue allele and a yellow allele then the outcome would be neither blue or yellow but would be green due to mixture of both and none being dominant over the other, because the outcome is green, which is a 3rd phenotype

15
Q

meaning of homozygote

A

same

16
Q

meaning of heterozygote

A

different

17
Q

meaning of co-dominance

A

both alleles contributing to the phenotype

for example if you had blue and yellow, the outcome of a co-dominance would be blue and yellow (blue flower with yellow dots)

18
Q

example of disease caused by dominant mutation

A

> dwarfism

> huntingtons disease

19
Q

where is the mutation that causes dwarfism?

A

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene which causes an abnormality of cartilage formation

20
Q

Huntington’s disease gene info

A

> gene has CAG repeats (polyglutamine)
normal gene has 6-39 CAG repeats
disease gene has 35-121 CAG repeats

21
Q

possible molecular explanations of dominant mutations

A

> not enough protein made if only one gene copy is active

> genes constantly expressed

22
Q

meaning of Epistasis

A

interaction of two or more genes on separate chromosomes which effect the phenotype