Dr Wetherly

Question 1

What is homogenisation

Answer 1

Where the cells are broken up using a blender releasing organelles from a cell

Question 2

What is a Detergent

Answer 2

Something that would damage proteins

Question 3

What is a buffer

Answer 3

Stops pH from fluctuating

Question 4

What is Ultracentrifugation

Answer 4

Where the fragments in the homogeniser are separated in a machine called a centrifuge

Question 5

Why is the material kept cool during cell fractionation

Answer 5

To reduce enzyme activity that might break down the organelles

Question 6

Why must the solution be isotonic in cell fractionation

Answer 6

To prevent osmotic in the cell

Question 7

Osmotic =

Answer 7

Organelles bursting or shrinking

Question 8

Why is the solution filtered in cell fractionation

Answer 8

To remove any debris

Question 9

What are the 6 stages in the cell cycle

Answer 9

Interphase 
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 10

What happens in Interphase in the cell cycle:

Answer 10

Cell is replicating DNA

Can’t see chromosomes yet

Question 11

What happens in Prophase in the cell cycle:

Answer 11

Chromosomes visible

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrated

Question 12

What happens in Metaphase in the cell cycle:

Answer 12

Chromosomes line up in centre of cell
Spindles form
Spindles attract to chromosomes

Question 13

What happens in Anaphase in the cell cycle:

Answer 13

Spindle fibres contrast

Chromosomes pulled to opposite side

Question 14

What happens in Telophase in the cell cycle:

Answer 14

Nuclear envelope reforms around two sets of chromosomes
Nucleolus reforms
Spindles disintegrates

Question 15

What happens in Cytokinesis in the cell cycle:

Answer 15

Cytoplasm divides
Cell divides
Two genetically identical cells

Question 16

What are the four stages of mitosis

Answer 16

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 17

Cell surface plasma membrane:

Answer 17

Made of mainly lipids and protein
Regulates movement of substances in and out cell
Receptor molecules allow it to respond to chemicals

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

Control cell activity
Makes ribosomes
Nuclear envelope
Contains Chromatin

Question 19

Nuclear envelope

Answer 19

Container pores allowing substances to move in and out

Question 20

Mitochondria

Answer 20

Double membrane
Active and require energy
Site of aerobic respiration

Question 21

Chloroplast

Answer 21

Two membranes
Site of photosynthesis
Grana made up of thylakoid

Question 22

Golgi apparatus

Answer 22

Group of fluid filled flattened sack
Vesicles
Process and packages lipids
Makes lysosomes

Question 23

Cell wall

Answer 23

Rigid
Stops cell changing shape
Made of cellulose
In fungi made of chittin

Question 24

Golgi vesicle

Answer 24

Stores lipid and proteins

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

Contain digestive enzymes called lysosomes | Digest invading or worn out cells

Question 26

Ribosome

Answer 26

Small Floats free Where protein are made

Question 27

Cell vacuole

Answer 27

Membrane blind Contain cell sap Keeps cell rigid

Question 28

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 28

System of membrane Surface covered in ribosomes Folds and processes proteins

Question 29

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 29

Synthesises and processes lipids

Question 30

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 30

Hydrophilic head face out | Hydrophobic tail face in

Question 31

What does the Phospholipid membrane do

Answer 31

Allows lipid soluble molecules to enter and exit | Prevents water soluble molecules to enter and exit

Question 32

What does the phospholipid membrane consist of

Answer 32

Phospholipids Cholesterol Proteins