Dressler Module 2 Prenantal Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
How many chromosomes do somatic cells haveDiploid
A
46
2
Q
Gametes are created with how many chromosomes
A
23
3
Q
____ Creates gametes (sperm and egg) and ensures variability in offspring
A
Meiosis
4
Q
Gametogenesis
A
Process in which cells divide by meiosis to form gametes
5
Q
Oogenesis
A
Results in one oocyte (ovum/egg)
6
Q
Spermatogenesis
A
Occurs in testes results and sperm
7
Q
Where does fertilization occur
A
In the outer third portion of the fallopian tubes
8
Q
When does sex determination
A
At fertilization
9
Q
Haploid number
A
23 chromosomes
10
Q
Diploid number
A
46 chromosomes
11
Q
Sperm and oocyte have how many chromosomes
A
23
12
Q
Zygotes has how many chromosomes
A
46
13
Q
Once an ovum is fertilized it is a
A
Zygote
14
Q
After the ninth week a ____ becomes a ____ went tissues begin to form
A
Embryo Fetus
15
Q
Gestation
A
Pregnancy
16
Q
What are the stages of fetal development
A
Pre embryonic Embryonic Fetal
17
Q
Describe what happens in each stage of fetal development Include the length of time that each stage last
A
The pre-embryonic (zygote) stage Occurs at two weeks when fertilization cell reproduction and implantation occursThe embryonic stage is from 2 to 8 weeks in which the embryo is nourished and develops The fetal stage is from the ninth week to birth and it is for growth and development of the fetus and usually last between 30 and 40 weeks
18
Q
Morula
A
.
19
Q
Blastocyst includes ____ cells
A
32
20
Q
The ___ implants onto the uterus. The part of the ___ that does that is the ___
A
Blastocyst Blastocyst Trophoblast
21
Q
The ____ develops within 35 days and becomes the embryo
A
Trophoblast
22
Q
_____ Secretes HCG
A
Blastocyst
23
Q
HCG signals ____ to stick around
A
The corpus luteum
24
Q
The endometrium stays in place because of
A
Increased progesterone
25
Eventually there endometrium becomes the
DeciduaAnd The dicidua is what stays intact during pregnancy
26
Gestation usually occurs for how long
280 days or 10 lunar months
27
Anything under ____ weeks is pre term anything over ___ weeks this postterm Between ___ and ____ weeks is normal
38 40 38 and 40
28
Chorion
Putter most later of the developing cells
29
The ___ is the inner layer of the cell that eventually becomes the ____
Amnion Amnionic sac
30
What is the purpose of amnionic fluid
Maintain temperatureSymmetrical GrowthMovement shock absorberPrevent skin from sticking to amnion
31
What are germ layers
Give rise to specific tissues and organs
32
Yolk sac
Forms RBCs for the first 6 weeks
33
What is the name of the temporary organ the facilities transfer of food from mom to fetus
Placenta
34
The placenta produces what
Fatty acids glycogen and cholesterol
35
The placenta is where ____ takes place
Metabolism
36
Describe the drug pregnancy categories
A- Do not cross placentaB- Crosses without severe defectsC- Crosses placenta membraneX - Cannot be given
37
Name to placental hormones and describe their function
.
38
What does the placental hormone progesterone do
Maintain Uterine liningReduces uterine contractions Prepares alveolar glands
39
What does the placental hormone estrogen do
Stimulates uterine growth increases blood flow to uterusstimulates lactiferous development
40
What does the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin do
Signals corpus luteum regulates steroid production in fetus
41
What does the placental hormone human placental lactogen do
Helps increase glucose production helps with breast development increases resistance to insulin
42
Human placental Lactogen is produced only during
The first trimester
43
the human placenta lactogen hormone helps to secrete extra glucose and helps bring that insulin so that the fetus can use the extra glucose at about 12 weeks the fetus can take over and produce its own glucose if it doesn't settle down and mom doesn't stop producing the extra glucose she may develop what
Gestational diabetes
44
What is the connecting link between the mother and fetus
The umbilical cord
45
The umbilical cord is surrounded by what
Wharton's jelly
46
What is inside of the umbilical cord
Two arteries in one vein
47
What do the The two arteries inside of the Umbilical cord do
Carries waste to mother
48
What does the one vein in the umbilical cord do
Carries nutrients and oxygen To fetus
49
When can you see a fetal heart beat on a sonogram
5 weeks
50
At how many weeks can you hear a fetal heart beat using a Doppler
12 weeks
51
When can you hear a fetal heart beat with a fetoscope
20 weeks
52
Fetal development Weeks
Spinal cord and sensation- 4 weeks Central nervous system- 6 weeks Gender recognition - 12 weeks Fetal movement- 18-20 weeks Leugo and vemly- 20 weeks Age of viability 24 weeks Lung maturity 36 weeks
53
Teratogens
Anything that can be harmful to a developing fetus
54
Describe how often a pregnant women visits the doctor
Conception to 28 weeks - every 4 weeks 29-36 weeks- every 2 weeks 37-delivery - every weeks
55
Between what weeks can an amniocentesis be performed
14-20
56
What are some presumptive signs a woman is pregnant
Amenorrhea Breast change Urinary frequencyAbdominal shapeLinear NegraColosma Quickening
57
What is linea nigra
Dark line on the center of the abdomen due to hormonal changes
58
Chloasma
Pregnancy mask Darkening of face
59
What are some probable signs that a woman might be pregnant(Done by a physician)
Uterine enlargementSoftening of the uterusSoftening of the cervix Upper wall of the vagina is bluishFeeling for a amniotic fluidPregnancy test
60
Hegars sign
Softening of the uterus
61
Goodall signs
Softening of the cervix
62
Chadwicks sign
Upper wall of the vagina is blue
63
Belotment
Feeling for amniotic fluid
64
What is the only positive sign that a woman is pregnant
Fetal heartbeat
65
Positive signs
.
66
Describe physical reproductive system changes in a pregnant woman
Uterus- Increased blood supply and size the wall stretch and thinCervix- becomes shorter and softer forms a mucous plugOvaries -Continues to secrete estrogen and ovulation ceases Fallopian tube- no change Vagina- Increase blood supply, thicker increased secretions Breast- Alveolar glands develop and areola darken
67
Systemic changes in a pregnant woman during pregnancy
Respiratory- diaphragm moves up and respirations increase Cardiovascular- heart up and to the left. Increase blood volume and cardiovascular output Decreases Hct GI-n v pityalism Softer gums Hemorrhoids Urinary -GlycosuriaProteinuria Frequency Integumentary -Linea nigra Striae gravidarum Chloasma SkeletalLordosis
68
What is Nageles rule
To find the estimated date of delivery Identify the first day of the last menstrual period Coins back 3 months and add 7 days
69
Gravida
Number of pregnancies
70
Nulligravida
No pregnancy
71
Primigravida
1st pregnancy
72
Multigravida
More than one pregnancy
73
Para
Number of pregnancies that have gone past 24 weeks (age of viability) whether infant was dead or alive
74
GTPAL
G # of pregnancies T # complete term preg (38-40)P # completed pre term preg (24-37)A # abortions (prior to 24)L # living children
75
Normal fetal heart beat
120-160
76
Average woman should gain between how many pounds when pregnant
25-35
77
What fetal heart rate should be reported
Below 110 Above 160
78
When is RH factor a potential problem
When mom is negative and baby is positive
79
What is a torch screening
Infections That could impact pregnancy were delivery
80
What does a triple screening test for
Neural tube defectsSpina bifidaTrisomy 21 Mental retardation
81
If _____ is elevated it means a possible problem For example Down syndrome
Alpha fetal protein
82
______ Dramatically decreases the risk of neural tube defects
Frolic acid
83
Toxoplasmosis
Parasite in raw uncooked meat or cat feces
84
And underweight mom should gain about how many pounds during her pregnancy
28-40
85
An overweight mom should gain about how many pounds during her pregnancy
15-25
86
A normal mom should gain about how many pounds.
25-35
87
Most of the weight gain in the first trimester is due to what
Maternal tissue
88
Most of the weight gain in the second trimester due to what
Maternal and fetal tissue
89
X Most of the weight gain in the third trimester is due to what
Fetal tissue
90
Polyhydramnious
Too much antibiotic fluid
91
Teenage moms need ____calories than regular moms
More
92
Fluid intake helps with the production of
Milk
93
Foods to avoid during pregnancy
Tuna shark swordfish tilefish deli meats raw fish soft scrambled eggs caffeine
94
A young mom is considered anyone who is
19 and under
95
An advanced age mom is anyone who is considered
42 and older
96
Advanced age mom is at risk for
A child being born with down syndrome etc.
97
Braxton hicks
False labor
98
Supine hypotension
Decreased blood pressure when laying down to do the fetus encluding certain parts
99
A pregnant woman experiences supine hypotension what should she do
Lay on her left side
100
During pregnancy a woman's pulse might go up
5-10 BPM
101
A fetal heart rate should be approximately ____ times that of the moms
2 times
102
___ Helps to regulate blood blood sugar during pregnancy
The fetus
103
And a pregnant mom who is diabetic she's at risk for ____ in the second trimester
DKA
104
A diabetic mom usually gives birth to a
Macrosoma (large body)
105
What is important nursing care for a diabetic mother
Insulin drip during labor in crease calories while breast-feedingObserver signs of hypo or hyperglycemia
106
Signs and symptoms of CHF
Increased heart rate increase respirations rales dyspnea edemaCP
107
F A S
Fetal alcohol syndrome Results in retardation
108
Smoking during pregnancy results in
Low birth weight
109
A normal baby weighs between
7-8 pounds
