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PETE 405 - Drilling ENG > Drilling Test 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Drilling Test 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Water Table

A

The water table is the walk-around at the top of standard derricks which support the crown block

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2
Q

Cat Walk

A

The cat walk is where the pipe is laid down from the drill floor. Any elevated walkway may be referred to as a catwalk

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3
Q

Crown Block

A

A series of sheaves affixed in the top of the derrick used to change the direction of pull from the drawworks to the traveling block

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4
Q

Derrick

A

Vertical structure that allows vertical clearance and strength to raise and lower the drill string. This structure with-stands two types of loading: compressive loading and wind loading.

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5
Q

Two types of loading derrick withstands

A

Wind and compressive

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6
Q

Derrick Types (3)

A

Triple: capacity of pulling 90’ stands of pipe
Double: capacity of pulling 60’ strands of pipe
Single: has the capacity of pulling 30’ stands of pipe

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7
Q

Standard Derricks

A

Four sided structures that must be assembled and disassembled when transporting

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8
Q

Portable Derricks

A

Telescoping and jackknife types. The telescoping derrick is raised and lowered in an extending and collapsing fashion and lowered in one piece, but may be disassembled to some degree after being lowered

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9
Q

Stand

A

a stand generally consist of two or three joints of made up drill pipe. The stand is generally used when running or pulling the drill string in and out of the hole

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10
Q

Monkey board

A

The platform on which the derrick man works when tripping pipe

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11
Q

Racking fingers

A

Fingers or members where the stands are racked and secured while tripping pipe

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12
Q

“A” Frame

A

A “A” frame structure on a jackknife used to raise and lower the mast. It also supports the derrick in the raised position

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13
Q

Bull line and Sheaves

A

The large line and sheaves located on the “A” frame of a jackknife used to raise and lower the derrick

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14
Q

Traveling Block

A

The block and tackle which is rigged with the crown block by multiples of drilling line strung between the crown block and the traveling block. The efficiency, En, can be computed

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15
Q

Swivel

A

That part of the drill string which connects the rotary hose to the drill string and allows circulation and rotation at the same time

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16
Q

Kelly

A

The square or hexagonal member at the uppoert most part of the drill string (immediately below the swivel) that passes through a properly fitting bushing known as the kelly bushing or drive bushing. The drive bushing transmits rotary motion to the kelly which results in the turning of the drill string

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17
Q

Drive bushing

A

Transmits rotary motion to the kelly which results in the turning of the drill string

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18
Q

Rotary Bushing

A

The bushing that fits inside of the rotary table opening. This is where the drill pipe and collar slips seat when the drill string is suspended from the rotary table for connections or tripping pipe

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19
Q

Rotary

A

Transmits the rotary motion or torque from the power source to the drive bushing

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20
Q

Kelly Cock

A

Safety valves located above and or below the kelly. These valves are of a ball type and must be manually operated. Their primary purpose is to prevent flow up the drill string in case of emergencies. A third kelly cock is generally kept on the drill floor to be used in the drill string in the event flow up the drill string occurs while making a connection or tripping pipe. Federal leases USGS requires two kelly cock valves above and below the kelly and a third one on the drill floor in the opened position. A secondary use of the kelly cock valve below the kelly is to prevent the loss of mud from the kelly while making a connection. This should be discouraged to prevent wear on the kelly cock valve

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21
Q

Inside BOP Valve

A

This valve is also used to prevent flow up the drill string when the well kicks and connection or tripping operations are under way. This valve operates like a check valve and is always kept in the open position on the rig floor. This valve is required to be ont he rig floor in the open position for Federal leases

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22
Q

Kelly Saver Sub

A

A sub located below the lower kelly cock valve. The function of this sub is to prevent wear on the kelly’s threads and to centralize the kelly by means of a rubber protector, thus preventing wear on the kelly’s hexagonal or square shape

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23
Q

Elevators

A

The elevators are used for latching on to the tool joint or lift sub of the drill pipe or drill collars. This enables the lifting and lowering of the drill string while making a trip. The elevators are connected to the hoisting system (traveling block) by means of bails.

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24
Q

Bails

A

The bails connect the traveling block and elevators. They are solid steel bars with eyes at both ends

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25
Q

Hook

A

The hook is located beneath the traveling block. This device is used to pick up and secure the swivel and kelly

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26
Q

Slips

A

Latch around the drill pipe and seat in the rotary bushing in the rotary table. The slips support and transmit the weight of the drill string to the rotary table while making a connection or tripping pipe
Slips for: drill pipe, drill collar or casing

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27
Q

Drawworks

A

The principal parts of the drawworks are the drum, drum brakes, transmission, and cathead.
The principal function is to convert the power source into a hoisting operation and provide braking capacity to stop and sustain the weights imposed when lowering or raising the drill string

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28
Q

Drum

A

Housed in the drawworks and transmits the torque required for hoisting and braking. It also stores the drilling line required to move the traveling block the length of the derrick

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29
Q

Cathead

A

Is a shaft with a lifting head that extends on either side of the drawworks and has two major functions. It is used in making up and breaking out tool joints in the drill string. it is also used as a hoisting device for heavy equipment on the drill floor
This is done by wrapping the catline around the lifting head. The number of turns of rope on the head and the tension provided by the operator control the force of the pull

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30
Q

Drawworks

A

Contains all of the controls to divert the rig power to needed operations

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31
Q

V-Door ramp

A

The ramp which connects the “V” door to the cat walk

32
Q

Sandline

A

sandline is a small drawworks system. The line is generally used for running surveys or fishing for lost surveys. These units are usually integral parts of the drawworks

33
Q

Kelly spinner

A

A pneumatic operated spinner located above the kelly. It is used to spin the kelly to make up tool joints when making connections. The kelly spinner can generally spin clockwise to speed up connections

34
Q

Tons

A

Large wrench like devices that are used to tighten up and break out tool joints or connections. The tongs are connected to the break out and make up catheads. Hydraulic tongs are generally used to make up casing and tubing, deriving power form a hydaulic unit

35
Q

Auxillary brakes

A

The drawworks generally have two braking systems: band type brakeson the drawworks drum, and the auxiliary brakes. Auxiliary brakes are used only when going in the hole on a trip. These are used to prevent burning the band type brakes. The auxiliary brakes are two types: hydro-dynamic or electromagnetic

36
Q

Hydrodynamic auxiliary brakes

A

Hydro-dynamic type braking is provided by water being impelled in a direction opposite to the rotation of the drum. The brake is mounted on a shaft that can be engaged to the draw works.

37
Q

Electromagnetic

A

Electromagnetic type braking is provided by two opposing magnetic fields. The magnitude of the magnetic fields is dependent on the speed of rotation and the amount of external excitation current supplied. In both types of auxiliary braking systems, the heat development must be dissipated using a liquid cooling system.

38
Q

Deadline reel and calmp

A

The drilling line strugn through the traveling block and to the drawworks is secured by the deadline, which is wrapped around the deadline reel and clamped. This prevents the line from slipping and the traveling block from falling

39
Q

Mud pumps

A

Mud pumps are used for circulating the drilling fluid down the drill pipe and out of the annulus. These are high pressure and high volume pumps. They can be doubled acting duplex pumps or single acting triplex pumps

40
Q

Double acting duplex pump

A

has four pumping actions per pump cycle

41
Q

Single acting triplex pump

A

Three pumping actions per pump cycle

42
Q

Shale shaker

A

Shale shaker is a contaminant removing device. It is used to remove the coarser drill cuttings from the mud. This is generally the first solids-removing device and is located at the end of the flow line. The shale shaker is composed of one or more vibrating screens though which mud returns pass.

43
Q

Desander-desilter

A

The desanders and desilters are for contaminant or solids removal purposes. These devices separate sand size particles from the drilling mud. Both devices operate like a hydrocyclone. The mud is pumped in at the top of the cyclone. This causes the mud stream to hit the vortex finder which forces the mud down the cyclone in a whirling fashion towards the apex of the cyclone
Heavier particles are forced outward faster than smaller particles. The heavier particles on the outside of the whirling fluid are deposited out of the apex while the much smaller particles follow the path of the liquid and reverse their path in the center and flow out of the cyclone through the vortex finder. If used as a desander or desilter the waste product is deposited at the bottom and the fluid moving through the vortex finder is returns to the active system. If used as a clay injector, the under flow contains barite particles which are returned to the mud system, while the fluid moving out of the vortex is deposited as waste

44
Q

Desander/desitler used as a clay ejector

A

Under flow contains barite particles which are returned to the mud system, while the fulid moving out of the vortex is deposited as waste

45
Q

Desander/Desilter Cyclone Sizes

A

Desander: 6” or larger
Desilter 4” or larger
Clay ejector 2” or larger

46
Q

Decanting Centerfuge

A

A solids control device which consists of a rotating cone shaped drum which has a screw conveyer attached to its outer surface. Rotation of the cone creates a centrifugal force that throws the heavier particles to its outer housing. The screw conveyer moves the separated particles to the discharge.
MONITOR CLOSELY IN WATER BASED MUD because it allows discharge of bentonite (gel). The bentonite controls viscosity and fluid loss. If allowed to operate for long periods of time without adding bentonite to the mud system, filtration control will be lost.

47
Q

Degasser

A

This vessel is used for gas contamination removal. it consists of a vessel which has inclined flat surfaces in thin layers and a vacuum pump. The mud is allowed to flow over the inclined thin layers which helps break out entrained gas in the mud. The vacuum pump reduces the pressure in the vessel to about 5 psis which extracts the gas from the mud. This device si about 99% efficient.

48
Q

Mud gas separator

A

This generally the first device available to extract gas from the mud. it consists of a tower with baffle plates which are flat plates that force the fluid through a certain path. The mud is allowed to flow in the tower over the baffle plates which separates some of the entrained gas. This device generally can extfact 50% oto 60% of the gas

49
Q

Accumulator

A

The accumulator is a hydraulic system that maintains and stores enough high pressured fluid to operate every function of the blwo out prevents at least once and still have a reasonable reserve, as defined by the governing agency rules. The system has a pump which pumps the hydraulic fulid into storage bottles. The storage bottles ahve floats which separate the hydraulic fluid from the gas (nitrogen) in the uppert part of the chamber. s fluid is pumped into the chamber bottles, the gas is compressed, resulting in te pressure needed to move the hydraulic fluid to operate BOP’s

50
Q

Bag type preventers (Annular Preventers)

A

This preventer is used the most because the rubber sealing element can conform to any shape or size conduit in the hole. The annular preventer can aslo completely seal the annulus with no conduit in the hole. This is also not recommended

51
Q

bag type preventers (annular preventers)

A

The annular preventers consist of a rubber covered metal ribbed sealing elemtn. This element is caused to compress and seal by allowing the pressurized hydraulic fluid from the accumulator to move a tapered, form fitted cylinder against the rubber which causes compression. This type preventer is the most versatile because the drill string can be raised, lowered, and rotated while the preventer is closed. There are tow types of rubber sealing elemtns

52
Q

Two types of rubber bag type preventer sealing elements

A

Real rubber sealing elements which wear much longer but should not be used with oil based muds or known oil fields because of the adverse effects of the oil on the rubber
Synthetic rubber sealing elements which do not last a long as the real rubber, but can be used with oil-base muds or in known oil fields

53
Q

Ram preventers

A

This type of BOP is used mainly as abackup to the bag type preventer or for high pressure situations.
The pipe rams have two arms on opposite sides that close by moving towards one another. The rams themselves have semicircular openings which match the diameter of pipe being used. Each different size pipe requries correctly sized rams
If a tapered string is being used to drill a well, such as 5” drill pipe and 3-1/2” drill pipe then two ram type preventers must generally be used. This type preventer cannot allow the pipe to be worked through it

54
Q

Blind rams

A

Do not have semicircular opening of the pipe rams. Instead the front surface of the blind rams is falt, and they can only be used to seal the annulus when there is no pipe in the hole

55
Q

Shear blind rams

A

Are designed to cut through the drill pipe and seal the hole. This type of preventer should only be used as a last resort

56
Q

Diverter system

A

The diverter system is used in conjunction with the annular preventer to divert the path of mud flow either overboard or through the mud gas separation facilities. This system is generally only used when drilling at shallow depths where the formation has a weak fracture gradient

57
Q

Choke manifold

A

This sytem of valves and lines which are attached to the choke line and in some cases kill line the manifold is used to help control a well that has kicked by diverting the flow to various functions such as an adjustable choke. Ti is disigned for versatility in diverting the mud flow after expericing a kick

58
Q

Adjustable choke

A

The adjustable choke is usually hydraulically controleld from a remove panel located on the rig floor. The purpose of the adjustable choke is to hold the correct back pressure on a well when contrllling a kick so as not to allow any more formation fluid tinoto the hole and or prevent breaking the fmormation down while controlling the well

59
Q

HCR Valve

A

HCR valve is a hydraulically operated gate valve. This valve is used on diverter systems and choke lines leading form the blow out preventers. The advantage of the valve is that it can be operated remotely

60
Q

Float

A

The float is a check valve run in a specail sub in the bottom hole assembly. it prevents any back flow up the drill pipe. This should be run in shallow drilling operations to help control shallow kicks

61
Q

Underreamer

A

The underreamer is to incerease the diameter of the hole without running a full gauge tool into the hole. TI is hydraulically opereated as the pump pressure increases a piston inside is driven down thus forcing three arms with cones to extend. With arms extended the hole can eb opened to the designated size

62
Q

Hole Opener

A

The hole opener serves as the same purpose as the underreamer which is to enlarge the previously drilled hole. Unlike the underreamer the hole opener is FULLY GAUGED

63
Q

Rat hole

A

The steel casing extending below the rig floor where the kelly and swivel are stored while tripping

64
Q

Mouse hole

A

A section of steel casing that extends below the rig floor where drill pipe is placed to be made up in the drill string or to the kelly. It is further used in laying down drill pipe. The joint of drill pipe is brokwn off in the mouse hole, picked up with the hoist or catline, and moved out the V-door down the catwalk

65
Q

Drill Collars

A

The drill collars are thick walled heavy steel tubulars used to apply wegiht to the bit. The drill collars should take all of the compressive loading, leaving the drill pipe in tenxion

66
Q

Drill pipe

A

The major part of the drill string is composed of drill pipe. Drill pipe is hot rolled, pierced, seamless tubing. Drill pipe is specificed by its outside diameter, weight per foot, steel grade, and range (length). The drill pipe transmits rotation, vertical movement and drilling fluid to the bit

67
Q

heavyweight drill pipe

A

Thick walled ehavy drill pipe is used in lieu of drill collars. or between the collars aland the drill pipie. it is generally used in high angled wells where too many drill collars hamper drilling operations

68
Q

Standpipe

A

The standpipe is that pipe which carries mud from the rig floor into the derrick to the kelly hose. It msut be pressure tested to the working pressure of the BOP’s.

69
Q

Kelly hose

A

The kelly hose is a section of high pressure hose connection the standpipe and the swivel The kelly hose allows for the vertical movement of the drill string as well as circulation of fluid down the drill string

70
Q

Substructure

A

The substrcutre provides the support for the derrick and derrick loading. It also provides the necessary clearance beneath the rig floor for the preventor stack

71
Q

Keyway

A

The keyway is the opening on an inland barge or offshore jackup in which the drilling operations are performed

72
Q

Moonpool

A

The hole through a floater or semi submersible structure in which the drilling operations are performed

73
Q

Motion compensator

A

A pneumatic hydraulic surface unit that compensates for the heave or a drillship or semi-submersible. This allows the drill string and bit to remain stationary with respect to the earth.

74
Q

Bumper Sub

A

The bumper sub is a downhole motion compensator. TI operates as a slip joint most bumper subs have 3-5 ft stroke and can be run in tandem for motion exceeding 3-5 feet. THe bumper sub is used on floating operations ito reduce the heaving motion of drillships or semisubserisbles on the bits

75
Q

Pods and control lines

A

The pods and control ines are used in subesea operations. The control lines run from the accumulator to the pods which are located on the subsea BOP stack. These two devices are responsible for transmitting the hydraulic pressure from the accumulators to actuate the various functions of the subsea BOP stack

PETE 405 - Drilling ENG (1 decks)

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