Drone abbreviations Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
ADM
A
Aeronautical Decision Making
2
Q
AFSS
A
Automated Flight Service Station
3
Q
ATIS
A
Automatic Terminal Information Service
4
Q
AGL
A
Above Ground Level
5
Q
AOA
A
Angle Of Attack
6
Q
ARTCC
A
Air Route Traffic Control Center
7
Q
ASOS
A
Automated surface operation systems
8
Q
ATC
A
Air traffic control
9
Q
AWOS
A
Automated weather observation systems
10
Q
CB
A
Cumulonimbus (clouds)
11
Q
CG
A
Center of gravity
12
Q
COA
A
Certificate of authorization
13
Q
CONUS
A
Continental United States
14
Q
COW
A
Certificate of waiver
15
Q
CRM
A
Crew resource management
16
Q
CTAF
A
Common traffic advisory frequency.
Radio frequency used to monitor airport traffic if the airport tower is not operational.
17
Q
DA
A
Density altitude
18
Q
EP
A
Emergency procedure
19
Q
ETD
A
Estimated time of departure
20
Q
FAA
A
Federal aviation administration
21
Q
FDC
A
Flight data center
22
Q
FSDO
A
Flight standards district office
23
Q
GPS
A
Global positioning system
24
Q
LAA 
A
Local airport advisory
25
LOC
Loss of control
26
METARs
Meteorological Aerodome Report (Current)
Observation of current surface weather from individual ground stations across the USA.
1 row
27
MOA
Military operation area.
Separate certain military training activities from IFR traffic.
Can fly use extreme caution.
28
MSL
Mean sea level
A measure of the average height of the ocean’s surface.
29
MTR
Military training route.
Area that military aircraft fly over.
Pose hazard because they can fly 1500 AGL and below.
Speed~ can be more than 250 K or 250 knots.
Straight line with an arrow.
30
NAS 
National Airspace systems
31
NM
Nautical mile
32
NOTAM
Notice to airmen
33
NSA
National security area
34
NWS
National weather service
35
PA
Pressure altitude
36
PIC
Pilot in command
37
RF
Radio frequency
38
SA
Situational awareness
39
SAO
Special area of operation
40
SM
Statute miles
41
sUAS
Small unmanned aircraft system
42
TAF
Terminal aerodrome forecast
Forecast for 5 miles around an airport.
They are updated four times a day.
2 rows
43
TCU
Towering cumulus
44
TFR
Temporary flight restrictions
It’s a temporary no-fly airspace.
45
TRSA
Terminal radar service area
46
UA
Unmanned aircraft
47
UAS
Unmanned aircraft system
48
UNICOM 
Universal communications
49
UTC
Coordinated universal time
50
VASI
Visual approach slope indicator
51
VFR
Visual flight rules
Pilot is responsible for seeing other aircraft and maintains safe separation.
Predetermined point on the chart.
Used by full-size aircraft pilots.
To let airport tower know where they are.
Important to remote pilots because it indicates higher volume of manned air traffic there.
52
VLOS
Visible line of sight
Vision that is unadded by any device other than glasses to see the aircraft through the entire flight.
53
VO
Visual observer
The person that helps the PIC avoid objects.
54
Radiation fog / forms when….
The ground cools rapidly.
There’s warm moist air mask.
Ice fog can form if very cold (-25 degree F)
55
Radiation fog / Conditions
Low lying areas ( mountain valleys)
Little to no wind.
The sun bakes the ground all day, nighttime temperature cools down. Heat radiates from the ground sending warm air higher and lower air cooler. Temperature reaches dewpoint and fog forms.
56
Advection fog/ forms when….
Warm moist air mass is pushed by wind over a cold surface.

57
Advection fog / Conditions
Coastal area.
Seabreeze.
Wind.
Usually requires a cool body of water.
58
Upslope fog / forms when…
Moist air is lifted up a slope and cooled off.
59
Upslope fog / Conditions
Mountains or slope.
Wind.
60
Steam fog / forms when….
Cool, dry air moves over warm water.
61
Steam fog / Conditions
Typically in the winter.
Can lead to icing and low level turbulence.
62
Examples of hazardous conditions like….
Wildfires
Chemical spills
Security related events – presidential travel
Sports events
63
Name the four types of fog.
Radiation fog
Advection fog
Upslope fog
Steam fog
64
BKN
Broken
65
OVC
Overcast
66
BR
Mist
67
SH
Showers
68
RA
Rain
69
Stalls
Happens when the plane exceeds the critical angle of attack.
70
Load factor
Increases during turns. Adding Gs
71
Standard weather briefing
Most common and most complete.
72
Abbreviated weather briefing
Water down – Mostly used to get updates from previous briefing
73
Outlook weather briefing
Basic – given if more than six hours away from needing to fly.
74
Visability and cloud clearance requirements
1) You must have 3 miles of visability.
2) You must fly 500 ft below the clouds.
3) You must fly 2000 feet horizontally from the clouds and have your drone in sight.
75
What is it called to exceed the GL limits
The envelope.
Too much and the drone will crash.
76
ARM
The distance between the CG and where force is applied.
77
Altitude
As it is increase performance decreases.
Mile high
78
Load Factor
Acceleration of gravity - G Force
79
Stalls
Occurs when the air foil reaches critical angle of attack.
Occurs when smooth air flows over an airplanes wing is disrupted due to the wing exceeding its critical angle of attack
80
Chord line
The line between the leading edge and the trailing edge.
81
Angle of attack
The angle between the relative wind and chord line.
82
FM
Means from
83
P
More than
84
IFR
Weather conditions that determine the set of rules a pilot will choose.
85
MSL Altitude
Height above sea level
86
Roll
Controlled by aileron.
Tip of wings.
Side to side.
87
Pitch
Controlled by elevator.
In the back climbing and descending.

88
Yaw
Controlled by the rudder.
Rotate around the axis.
89
If the rudder is pushed to the left, the plane will yaw to the……
Left
90
If the elevator moves up the pitch will be…
Up
91
According to 14 CFR part 107, who is responsible for determining the performance of a small unmanned aircraft?
The remote pilot-in-command.
92
To ensure that the unmanned aircraft center of gravity (CG) limits are not exceeded, follow the aircraft loading instructions specified in the…
Pilot’s Operating Handbook or UAS Flight Manual.
93
In a fixed-wing aircraft, yaw is controlled by…
The rudder.
94
During an approach to install, an increase load factor will cause the aircraft to…
Stall at a higher airspeed.
95
A stall occurs when the smooth airflow over the unmanned airplane’s wing is disrupted and the lift degenerates rapidly. This is caused when the wing….
Exceeds its critical angle of attack
96
When loading cameras or other equipment on a sUAS, mount the items in a manner that….
Does not adversely affect the center of gravity.
97
During an approach to a star, and increased load factor will cause the aircraft to….
stall at a higher speed
98
When operating an unmanned airplane, the remote pilot should consider that the low factor on the wings may be increased any time…
The airplane is subjected to maneuvers other than straight and level flight.
99
An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be…
Difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition
100
The term angle of attack is defined as the angle between the…
Cord line of the wing and the relative wind.
101
B Air space
Biggest air space up to 10,000 MSL
This is where international airspace is located.
It’s represented by a solid blue line. 1200 to 4000 feet
102
C Air space
Solid magenta line.
Usually around 20 NM
NM / Nautical miles
103
D airspace
Will have dashed blue lines.
Up to 2500 ft
104
E airspace
Has two different looks.
1) is a dashed magenta - ground to up
2) the faded gradient / starts at 700
105
G airspace
The only space that doesn’t require permission.
106
Airspace classifications
A,B,C,D,E,F,&G
107
Class A
18,000 MSL
Most restrictive
108
Class B
10,000 MSL
Airspace around busy airports
109
Class C
Protects approach and departure paths / ICAO
110
Class D
Need air traffic control to coordinate airport operations
111
Class G
1200 feet or less.
Completely uncontrolled.
Radio communication not required.
112
ICAO
International civilian aviation organization
113
SFC
Surface
114
Alert Areas
Similar to MOA – military operation area.
It will be marked on map alert area, along a set of letters and numbers.
Ex~ ALERT A-220 = 220.00
115
Prohibited area
No chance of flying in the area.
Don’t try.
Could lose your license, get a fine, maybe go to jail.
116
Warning areas
Blue lines with hash marks.
You can fly in these areas but be careful.
117
Victor airways
Usually feed it blue line.
Highways in the sky.
Routes that commercial airplanes take.
They will usually have a V and the number.
They cover altitudes from 1200 feet AGL up to 17,999 MSl
118
MSL Altitude
Height above sea level.
119
To conduct category 4 operations, the RPIC must use a small UA that:
Has an airworthiness certificate issued under Part 21.
Feedback
To conduct Category 4 operations, the RPIC must use a small UA that has an airworthiness certificate issued under Part 21, be operated in accordance with the operating limitations,have maintenance, preventative maintenance, alterations, and inspections. There are no requirements for rotating parts or labeling for Category 4.
120
Is it possible for a small unmanned aircraft system to be categorized as more than one category?
Yes, it is possible.
121
According to Part 107 Subpart D, to conduct Category 1 operations, the RPIC must use a small UA that…
Weighs 0.55 pounds or less on takeoff throughout the duration of the flight and does not contain any exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin upon impact.
122
Other than the UAE weighting 0.55 pounds or less on takeoff, what are the other requirements to conduct category 1 operations?
It must not contain exposed rotating parts that can lacerate.
Feedback
According to Part 107 Subpart D, to conduct category 1 operations, the RPIC must use a small UA that weighs 0.55 pounds or less on takeoff and throughout the duration of the flight, does not contain any exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin upon impact.
123
You purchased a new sUAS that is labeled as Category 3. After checking the FAA website, you verified it is indeed approved to fly over people.
You plan to fly over a private race track. What must you do to ensure that the operation is compliant with Part 107?
Ensure that the area is restricted-access and that everyone inside moving vehicles inside the area are on notice.
124
During a photo shoot for a realtor, you have to cross a busy highway to get to the other side to get a better angle. You own a compliant Category 2 sUAS. Can you complete this mission legally?
Yes, as long as you are transiting.
Feedback
In addition to having a compliant Category 2 or (1 or 3) sUAS, in order to fly over moving vehicles that are not in a closed restricted site with everyone on notice, you must ensure that the flight is not sustained. (one way transiting only)
125
Can a Category 3 aircraft be flown over an open-air assembly of humans while transiting from point to point?
No, it is not permitted.
Feedback
According to Part 107 Subpart D, a Category 3 UAS cannot be flown over open air assembly.
126
Your company purchased a Category 3 approved sUAS. Because of time constraints, you have not been able to notify everyone on the construction site that you will be flying. What should you do?
Ensure that the human beings who are not participating in the operation are under a covered structure or inside a non-moving vehicle.
Feedback
For Category 3, for operations without notifying non-participants, the human beings must be either participating or under a covered structure or inside and then moving vehicle.
127
You own a Category 1 sUAS and are a current remote pilot. You want to take videos of your friend riding her bike, while hovering over while she rides. You are on the busy sidewalk in a city park. Is this legal under part 107?
No, the other people in the park are not on notice.
Feedback
This is a tricky one! While you could legally do this while your friend is walking or running, a bike is considered a moving vehicle so you will need to meet the Category 1-3 requirements AND: - you must remain within or over a closed/restricted access site and everyone in moving vehicles inside the area must be on notice, or – the UAS must not maintain substained flight over moving vehicles.
128
Can a sUAS weighting .35 pounds be flown over an open-air assembly of human beings if it is equipped with prop guards?
Yes, as long as the sUAS is equipped with Remote ID.
129
Personnel at in outdoor concert venue use an sUAS to drop promotional T-shirts and CDs over the audience. The drone is labeled as a Category 3. Is this sUAS operation in compliance with 14 CFR Part 107?
It is not compliant with part 107.
Feedback
According to Part 107 Subpart D, a Category 3 sUAS cannot be flown over open air assembly.
130
You acquire a Category 2 sUAS and plan to use it to record video footage at weddings. The sUAS does not meet Remote ID requirements yet. Can you legally fly over the bride and groom during a private photo session?
Yes, as long as the aircraft is listed with an FAA-accepted Declaration of Compliance.
Feedback
As long as the aircraft has a listed Declaration of Compliance on the FAA website, you’re good to go and fly over small groups of people. Remote ID has no effect here, this requirement would only apply for flights being conducted over open air assembly. A couple does not qualify as open ear assembly.
131
To conduct Category 2 operations, the remote pilot in command must use a small unmanned aircraft that…
Must not cause injury to a human being equivalent to 11 ft-lb of kinetic energy.
Feedback
To conduct Category 2 operations, The RPIC must use a small UA that…
Must not cause injury to a human being equivalent to 11 ft-lb of kinetic energy upon impact.
Does not contain any exposed rotating parts that lacerate human skin upon impact.
Does not contain safety defects.
Is labeled as a Category 2.
Is listed with an FAA accepted Declaration of Compliance.
132
You notice a cruise ship in the distance with people on the deck. You fly out to get a top down view of the deck while the boat is getting in port. Is this legal under Part 107, assuming you are certified and current?
No, the people on the deck are not on notice.
