Drowning Guidelines

Question 1

Near drowning. This is the _____ highest cause of accidental deaths. One third of the victims suffer from neuro sequela.

Answer 1

second

Question 2

What are the 4 states with the highest pediatric drowning rates are?

Answer 2

Nevada, Florida, California, and Alaska.

Question 3

____ to ___ year olds have a high-risk for drownings because they engage in high-risk behaviors. Another high-risk group is children under ____ years old.

Answer 3

15-19

5

Question 4

A _____ is an intervention that you may notice when the kid is under water for 10 minutes or longer. The doctors will work slowly with hopes that the child will not survive because the neuro sequela would be so bad if the child did survive.

Answer 4

slow code

Question 5

Near drowning classification. Warm water drowning occurs at water temperatures of ______ or higher. Arizona has warm water.

Answer 5

20°C/68°F

Question 6

Cold water drowning guidelines: Hypothermia occurs fast in infants and children due to the _______ especially the head. This is both good and bad. Patients with severe hypothermia may appear dead because of profound _____ and ______. This is called the ____ reflex which is beneficial. This increases their chances of survival. ON EXAM. Resuscitation should continue while aggressive attempts are made to restore normal body ______.

Answer 6

large surface area
bradycardia and vasoconstriction
diving
temperatures

Question 7

Near drowning refers to survival even if temporary beyond _____ hours after a submersion episode. This is considered a near drowning with a death.

Answer 7

24

Question 8

Patients his head and is unconscious so the airway does not spasm as it does with the alternative type of drownings. Is this a wet or dry drowning?

Answer 8

Wet

Question 9

It only takes ______ minutes to drown in fresh water. This is because water enters the bloodstream faster. There is an increased risk of death. This is 99% of deaths in Arizona.

Answer 9

5 to 20

Question 10

Water enters the bloodstream faster causing hemodilution of plasma which is also known as water intoxication. Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 10

Fresh water drowning

Question 11

Pulmonary edema occurs because all of the fluid in the blood goes into the lungs.
Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 11

Salt water drowning

Question 12

A very cold water drowning refers to submersion in water temperatures of ______or less. These have the BEST outcomes.

Answer 12

5°C/41°F

Question 14

Water enters the bloodstream faster causing increased blood pressure because of the increased fluid volume.
Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 14

Fresh water drowning

Question 15

The salt creates a _____ state in the lungs which draws fluid out of the vascular space into the lungs during a salt water drowning.

Answer 15

hypertonic

Question 16

There is increased blood viscosity because fluid is leaving the intravascular space leaving only the oncotic particles remaining. Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 16

Salt water drowning

Question 17

Water enters the bloodstream faster causing loss of surfactant which causes alveolar collapse because of the water.
Ex. AlveolI will smash shut and become difficult to reopen.
Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 17

Fresh water drowning

Question 18

Hypothermia may make resumption of cardiac function possible if body temp is less than ______ can survive up to one hour in this temperature. Profound hypothermia is usually evidence of a lengthy submersion underwater.

Answer 18

30°C/86°F

Question 19

Tachycardia and decreased blood pressure develop because the fluid is being pulled out of the vascular space. Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 19

Salt water drowning

Question 20

Water enters the bloodstream faster causing rupture or hemolysis of the red blood cells. Which causes acidosis because of the release of potassium and hydrogen ions in the blood. Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 20

Fresh water drowning

Question 21

Cold water drownings require a current water temperatures of less than ________.

Answer 21

20°C/68°F

Question 22

Water in lungs and drowning is secondary to aspiration as well as passive collection of fluid into the airway. This occurs in 85% of drownings.
Is this a wet or dry drowning?

Answer 22

Wet

Question 23

Oxygen is blocked from exchanging oxygen by the buildup of the patient’s own fluid in their lungs because fluid is drawn into the lungs and takes up that alveolar space. There’s no space for oxygen or CO2 exchange. Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 23

Salt water drowning

Question 24

Patients arriving at the ED with cardiopulmonary arrest after a warm water submersion have a _____ prognosis. On exam. The benefits of resuscitative efforts should be continuously reassessed in certain situations. Ex. Slow code.

Answer 24

dismal

Question 25

Water enters the bloodstream faster causing tachycardia which is caused by increased blood pressure which increases cardiac workload because of the increased fluid volume. Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 25

Fresh water drowning

Question 26

Drowning is usually defined as death from asphyxia within ____ hours of submersion in water.

Answer 26

24

Question 26

No water in lungs and drowning is secondary to airway spasm this causes Asphyxia. This occurs in 10 to 15% of drownings.
Is this a wet or dry drowning?

Answer 26

Dry

Question 27

Water enters the bloodstream faster causing hypervolemia. Which is related to the fluid volume excess . Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 27

Fresh water drowning

Question 28

Salt water drownings are rare in Arizona because we have no saltwater areas. It takes _____ to ____ minutes to drown. This allows for 10 minutes of increased SURVIVAL time.

Answer 28

5 to 30

Question 29

The loss of surfactant causes alveolar collapse. Alveoli are collapsed at the apex of the lung and alveoli are filled with fluid at the bases of the lungs. Does this occur in a freshwater drowning or a saltwater drowning?

Answer 29

Salt water drowning