DRRR q4 Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
is highly disruptive to economic activity because it covers just about everything, infiltrates most openings, and is highly abrasive
A
volcanic ash
2
Q
- can obscure sunlight to cause temporary darkness and reduce visibility to zero.
A
Airborne ash
3
Q
is slippery, especially when wet; roads, highways, and airport runways may become impassable.
A
ash
4
Q
Automobile and jet engines may stall from _________ air filters and moving parts can be damaged from abrasion, including bearings, brakes, and transmissions.
A
ash-clogged
5
Q
- is a general term for fragments of volcanic rock and lava regardless of size that are blasted into the air by explosions or carried upward by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains
A
Tephra
6
Q
By studying this scientists can produce hazard maps. These maps indicate the types of hazards that can be expected in a given area the next time a volcano erupts.
A
volcanic deposits
7
Q
Different Volcanoes
A
Cinder Cones-cinder
composite volcanoes
shield volcanoes
lava volcanoes
8
Q
are formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent.
A
Lava domes
9
Q
are volcanoes shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes made by basaltic lava flows. Basalt lava flows from these volcanoes are called flood basalts.
A
Shield volcanoes
10
Q
are steep-sided volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from high-viscosity lava, ash and rock debris. Mt. Rainier and Mount St. Helens are examples of this type of volcano
A
Composite volcanoes
11
Q
are examples of composite volcanoes
A
Mt. Rainier and Mount St. Helens
12
Q
is a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth’s crust
A
volcano
13
Q
Effects of a Volcanic eruption
A
- Landscapes and natural sceneries can be destroyed
- Ash and mud can mix with rain and melting snow, forming lahars. Lahars are mudflows flowing at very fast pace.
- Ash discharged very high into the stratosphere can have negative consequences on the ozone layer.
- Ruins roads,ETC.
14
Q
are formed when magma from within the Earth’s upper mantle works its way to the surface
A
volcanoes
15
Q
- There are _______ active volcanoes in the United States
A
169
16
Q
danger area around a volcano covers about a
A
20-mile radius.
17
Q
- More than———– percent of the earth’s surface is volcanic in origin
*
A
80
18
Q
is the world’s largest active volcano.
A
Yellowstone
19
Q
- The 1815 explosive eruption of _________ volcano in Indonesia and the subsequent caldera collapse produced 9.5 cubic miles (40 cubic kilometers) of ash. The eruption killed 10,000 people. An additional 80,000 people died from crop loss and famine.
A
Tambora
20
Q
- are streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an erupting vent.
A
Lava flows
21
Q
is erupted during either nonexplosive activity or explosive lava fountains.
A
Lava
22
Q
- destroy everything in their path, but most move slowly enough that people can move out of the way.
A
Lava flows
23
Q
- is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments flowing down the slopes of a volcano and (or) river valleys.
A
Lahar
24
Q
LAHAR effects
A
landslide
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typically destroys everything in its path and may generate a variety of related activity.
landslide
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may abruptly decrease pressure on the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems, which can generate explosions ranging from a small steam explosion to large steam- and magma-driven directed blasts.
landslide
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will destroy nearly everything in its path. With rock fragments ranging in size from ash to boulders traveling across the ground
pyroclastic flow
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* are high-density mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that move away from the vent that erupted them at high speeds.
Pyroclastic flows
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* Most pyroclastic flows consist of two parts:
bascal flow
turbulent cloud
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of ash that rises above the basal flow.
turbulent cloud
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of coarse fragments that moves along the ground
basal flow
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types of volcanic hazards
* Gas
* Lahars
* Landslide
* Lava Flows
* Pyroclastic Flows
* Tephra
33
* that pose the greatest potential hazard to people, animals, agriculture, and property are sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen fluoride.
volcanic gases
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* can lead to acid rain and air pollution downwind from a volcano.
sulfur dioxide gas
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* is heavier than air, the gas may flow into in low-lying areas and collect in the soil,
carbon dioxide gas
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* tend to become concentrated on fine-grained ash particles, which can be ingested by animals.
fluorine compounds
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* Magma contains dissolved __________ that are released into the atmosphere during eruptions, those gases either remain below ground or is rising toward the surface.
gases
38
is produced by the waves set in motion by an earthquakes sudden release of energy
Ground shaking
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Ground shaking will vary over an area due to such factors as These all affect the way the seismic waves travel through the ground.
topography, bedrock type, and the location and orientation of the fault rupture.
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include death, injury, and economic lost.The type of hazard depends on the strength of seismic activity, along with such factors as local topographic and built features, subsurface geology and groundwater
Earthquake hazards
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Primary earthquake hazards are:
ground shaking
*landslides
*liquefaction
*surface rupture
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Secondary earthquake hazards
*tsunami
*flooding
*fire
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Earthquakes generate 2 hazards
primary and secondary
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are those that are caused by the primary hazards, and may often be more catastrophic
Secondary earthquake hazards
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occurs when loose soil temporarily turns from a solid to a liquid during a earthquake.
Liquefaction
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, a series of large, destructive sea waves, can be caused by an earthquake under the ocean floor. These waves can be very large and powerful, and can reach munch farther inland than normal waves.
tsunami
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A number of waves may be produced and they can travel long distances at high speeds to flood far-off shores.
tsunami
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is a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock
aftershock
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are dangerous because they are usually unpredictable, can be of a large magnitude, and can collapse buildings that are damaged from the main shock.
Aftershocks
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has long been recognized as a major hazard following earthquakes.
Fire
51
It is the application of disaster risk reduction policies
and strategies, to prevent new disaster risks, reduce
existing disaster risks, and manage residual risks,
contributing to the strengthening of resilience and
reduction of losses.
Disaster Risk Reduction Management
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Disaster risk management actions can be
categorized into:
1) Prospective Disaster Risk Management,
2) Corrective Disaster Risk Management and,
3) Compensatory Disaster Risk Management (also
referred to as Residual Risk Management).
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Elements of Disaster Risk Reduction
1) PROGRESSIVE REDUSCTION OF RISK
➢ Identify vulnerabilities, capacities, and hazards
2) PLANNING FOR RISK REDUCTION
➢ Plan for preparedness, mitigation, and
prevention
3) PARTICIPATION AND SELF-RELIANCE
➢ Organizing community into appropriate
governance structures
4) APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL SUPPORT
➢ Technical support is compatible with local skills
and capabilities.
5) CROSSCUTTING ISSUES
➢ Gender equity & principles of empowerment,
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Cycle (Disaster
Management Cycle)
Response
Recovery
Development
Mitigation
Preparedness
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Hazards can be natural through
earthquakes, floods,
drought, cyclones, wildfires, extreme
temperatures, etc.
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Hazard Can be human-made
(conflicts,
industrial accidents, severe pollution, etc.).
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is the extent to which
people lack protection or buffering capacity
against possible hazards.
Vulnerability to hazard
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The Importance of DRRM in One’s Life
Individual
Community
Economy
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It draws on the very latest global practice and
theory combined with expert content from
around the world to advance knowledge and
learning on this expanding area of practice and
research. Individual's knowledge about
surviving will be Increased.
Individual
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Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic
approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-
economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as
dealing with the environmental and other
hazards that trigger them.
Economy
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Community-managed Disaster Management
System
Early warning systems for communities
Community response plan
Community-level mitigation programs
Connecting disaster Risk Reduction with development
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Specific risk, appropriate medium, simple
language and direct message.
Early warning systems for communities
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Roles and responsibilities, hazard-specific
checklist, evacuation, transit shelter, and relief
Community response plan
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Structural and non-structural measures
Community-level mitigation programs
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Watershed management, livelihood, gender
programs.
Connecting disaster risk reduction with
development
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is a process, which leads to a locally appropriate and
locally "owned" strategy for disaster preparedness and
risk reduction.
Community Based Disaster Risk Management
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CBDRM
Community Based Disaster Risk Management
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