Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Drug Abuse > Flashcards

Drug Abuse Flashcards

(166 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

need for markedly increase amounts of the substance to reach intoxication or desired effect

A

tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

termed as substance dependence by the american psych association

A

addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

craving or desire for continuous administration of a drug to provide a desired effect or to avoid discomfort

A

psychological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

physiological state of adaptation to a drug which usually results in development of tolerance to drug effects and withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped

A

physiological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

natural rewards

A

nurturing
food
water
sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

contain the NT dopamine which is released in the nucleus accumbens and in the prefrontal cortex

A

ventral tegmental area neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vulnerability is a product of

A

genes
environment
devt age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

usual substanse abuse for doctors

A

ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in low doses, alcohol causes

A

euphoria
mild stimulation
relaxation
lowered inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

alcohol content of red horse

A

vol: 7
wt: 5.50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

alcohol content of happy horse

A

vol: 8
wt: 6.35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

alcohol content of pale pilsen or light

A

vol: 5
wt: 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

alcohol content of san mig strong ice

A

vol: 6.30
wt: 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

general long term effect of chronic alcohol drinkers

A

weight gain
headache
muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mostly affected organ in alcohol consumption

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

goals of alcohol withdrawal tx

A

reducing withdrawal symptoms
preventing complications
beginning long term therapy to promote alcohol abstinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

alcohol abuse tx

controls shakiness, anxiety, confusio

A

Benzodiazepines:
ALPRAZOLAM
TEMAZEPAM
DIAZEPAM- iv only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

alcohol abuse tx

for agitation and hallucinations

A

antipsychotics
2 mg RISPERIDONE
5 mg HALOPERIDOL- cheaper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

curbs Fast HR and elevated BP related to withdrawal

reduce the strain of alcohol withdrawal in people with CAD

A

beta-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cannabinoids

A

MARIJUANA

HASHISH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

marijuana aka

A 
blunt
dope
ganja
grass
herb
joint
bud
mary jane
pot
reefer
green
trees
smoke
sinsemilla
skunk
weed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

marijuana is a mixture of

A

dried shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and or flowers of CANNABIS SATIVA Or CANNABIS indica (hemp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AE of marijuana- mental disorders

A

schizophreniform disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

marijuana taken with alcohol

A

magnified tachycardia

amplified impairment of psychomotor and driving performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
tx of marijuana abuse
no FDA approved medications | behavioral therapies
25
hashish aka
``` boom ganster hash hash oil hemp ```
26
opioids
HEROIN | OPIUM
27
heroin: DIACETYLMORPHINE
``` smack horse brown sugar dope junk skag skunk white horse china white cheese (with OTC cold meds and antihistamine) ```
28
opium- LAUDANUM, PAREGORIC
``` big o black stuff block gum hop ```
29
heroin form of administration
injected smoked snorted
30
opium forms of administration
swallowed | smoked
31
prosessed form poppy plants
street opioids
32
known as black tar heroin
opium
33
street oPioids administration
orally-opium injected smoked
34
acute effects of street opioids
``` euphoria warm flushing of skin dry mouth heavy feeling in extremities clouded thinking alternate wakeful And drowsy states itching nausea depressed respiration ```
35
long term effects of street opioids
``` addicition physical dependence collapsed veins abscesses infection of heart lining and valves arthritis HIV hep c ```
36
street opiods + alcohol
decrease HR and respiration coma death
37
withdrawal sx fr street opioids
``` restlessness muscle and bone pain insomnia diarrhea Vomiting cold flashes with goose bumps leg movements ```
38
street opioids taken during pregnancy result to
spontaneous abortions | low birth wt
39
prescription opioids
HYDROCODONE OXYCODONE CODEINE
40
acute effects of prescription opioids
pain relief nausea constipation euphoria
41
prescription opioids when taken by other routes result to
⬆️risk of depressed respiration leading to coma and death
42
long term effects of prescription opioids
tolerance | addiction
43
prescription opioids + alcohol
dec HR respiration coma death
44
8-10% p, 5% of youth have used these prescription opioids
VICODIN | OXYCONTIN
45
APA guidelines on opioid substitution
METHADONE BUPRENORPHINE then gradually taper
46
abrupt opioid discontinuation with the use of ___ to suppress withdrwal symptoms
CLONIDINE
47
partial opioid agonist for withdrawal and maintenance
BUPRENORPHINE
48
dosage of BUPRENORPHINE
2-32 mg SL, daily or 3x a week
49
AE of BUPRENORPHINE
respi depression HA constipation
50
alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist for withdrawal of opioids
CLONIDINE
51
CLONIDINE administration for opioid use
0.1-0.3 mg orally every 6 hrs
52
AE of CLONIDINe
bradychardia dry mouth drowsiness
53
opioid agonist for withdrawal and maintenance
METHADONE
54
METHADONE admin for opioid use
20-100 mg orally daily
55
METHADONE AE
constipation | respi depression
56
opioid antagonist for opioid use withdrawal and maintenance
NALTREXONE
57
NALTREXONE admin
50-100 mg orally, daily or twice a week
58
NALTREXONE AE
anxiety nausea myalgia
59
d1,2 receptors location
``` pontine nuclei amygdala olfactory bulb deep cortex peripheral sensory neurons ```
60
kappa 1,2,3 receptors location
``` hypothalamus periaqueductal gray claustrum substantia gelatinosa in spinal cord peripheral sensory neurons ```
61
mu 1,2,3 receptors location
``` lamina 3 and 4 in cortex thalamus striosomes periaqueductal gray rostral ventromedial medulla substantia gelatinosa in spinal cord peripheral sensory neurons intestinal tract ```
62
nociception receptor location
``` cortex amygdala hippocampus septal nuclei habenula hypothalamus spinal cord ```
63
delta1,2 receptor functions
``` analgesia antidepressant effects convulsant physical dependence mu-opioid receptor-mediated respiratory depression ```
64
kappa1-3 receptors functions
``` analgesia sedation miosis inh of ADH release dysphoria ```
65
mu 1receptors functions
physical dependence | analgesia
66
mu 2 receptors functions
``` respi depression miosis euphoria reduced GI motility physical dependence ```
67
mu3 receptors functions
possible vasodilation
68
nociception receptor functions
anxiety depression appetite development of tolerance to mu agonists
69
meds for history dependence lasting more than 1year
METHADONE | BUPRENORPHINE
70
first treatment modality for opioid dependence
METHADONE
71
newer treatment modality that became available for office-based opioid treatment in 2000
BUPRENORPHINE
72
opioid receptor agonist at the mu receptor | antagonist at NMDA receptor
METHADONE
73
believed to be responsible for methadone analgesic properties
R isomer
74
NMDA antagonist and responsible for toxicities including prolonged QT interval
S isomer
75
METHADONE is CI in
px with respi depression acute bronchial asthma hypercarbia
76
opioid dependence and detox tx admin
at least 1 yr up to 2 yrs initial dose 20-30 mg once daily should not exceed 30mg maintenance 80-120 mg per day with dose adj over the 1st wk based on withdrawal symptoms
77
partial mu receptor agonist | kappa receptor antagonist
BUPRENORPHINE
78
the analgesic effect plateaus and no additional benefit is seen by increasing the dose, but an increase in adverse opioid effects is anticipated
ceiling effect
79
phases of opioid tx
induction stabilization maintenance
80
patients experiencing mild withdrawal symptoms | have avoided opiates for 6 hours
induction phase of office based opioid tx
81
goal of induction phase of office based opioid tx
determine min dose of BUPRENORPHINE required to prevent further withdrawal sx, reduce cravings, provide minimal AE
82
no withdrawal symptoms
stabilization phase of office based opioid tx
83
stabilization phase of office based opioid tx lasts
one to two months
84
longest phase of tx | psychosocial and family issues addressed
maintenance phase of office based opioid tx
85
medication assisted BUPRENORPHINE tx lasts up to
6 months to 2 yrs or more
86
BUPRENORPHINE or BUPRENORPHINE/NALOXONE is given
every 2-3 days
87
stimulants
cocaine amphetamines methamphetamines
88
cocaine aka
``` blow bump c candy charlie coke crack flake rock snow toot ```
89
cocaine forms of admin
snorted injected smoked
90
amphetamines aka
``` BIPHETAMINE DEXEDRINE bennies black beauties crosses hearts LA turnaround speed truck drivers uppers ```
91
amphetamines forms of admin
swallowed snorted smoked injected
92
methamphetamine aka
``` ice black beauties DESOXYN meth ice crank chalk crystal fire glass go fast speed ```
93
methamphetamine forms of admin
swallowed snorted smoked injected
94
stimulant (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine) effects
``` euphoria hyperactivity alertness sense of enhanced energy anorexia ```
95
overdose of stimulants complications
``` hyperthermia, heat stroke hypertensive crisis CVA acute MI intestinal infarctions rhabdomyolysis acute renal failure ```
96
chronic use of stimulants effects
``` weight loss cardiomyopathy paranoia psychosis steriotypic behavior- picking at skin "cocaine bugs" ```
97
standard pharmacological mgt of stimulant overdose
neuroleptics | high doses of BENZODIAZEPINES
98
crash period in stimulant withdrawal
depression anxiety aggitation intense drug craving
99
intermediate withdrawal phase of stimulant withdrawal
fatigue loss of physical and mental energy decreased interest in the surrounding environment
100
late withdrawal phase of stimulant withdrawal
brief periods of intense drug craving
101
club drugs
ecstasy- METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE GHB- GABBA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE ROHYPNOL
102
appetite suppressant | both stimulant and hallucinogen
METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE
103
Ecstasy effect lasts
3-6 hours
104
ecstasy aka
``` MDMA adam clarity eve lover's speed peace uppers ```
105
ecstasy forms of admin
swallowing snorting injecting
106
moa of ecstasy
reverses the action of serotonin transporter | strongly inc extracellular serotonin concentration
107
effects of ECSTASY lasting 1 month
confusion anxiety HTN heart or kidney failure
108
GHB aka
``` G georgia Georgia home boy grievous soap scoop goop liquid x ```
109
CNS depressant that can sedate the body | sometimes used as muscle builder and to enhance sexual performance
GHB
110
related to VALIUM, XANAX | date rape drug
rohypnol | FLUNITRAZEPAM
111
rohypnol aka
``` forget-me pill mexican valium R2 roach Roche roofies roofinol rope rophies ```
112
rohypnol forms of admin
swallowing | snorting
113
rohypnol characteristics
``` tasteless odorless dissolves easily in carbonated bev effects aggrevated by +alcohol effect of rohypnol lasts 8-12 hrs even without alcohol ```
114
dissociative drugs
KETAMINE PCP AND ANALOGS DEXTROMETORPHAN
115
dissociative drugs effects
``` feeling of being separate from ones body and environment impaired motor fxn or anxiety tremors numbness memory loss nausea ```
116
KETAMINE aka
ketalvar sv k special k vitamin k
117
ketamine forms of admin
injecting snorting smoking
118
moa of ketamine
noncompetitive antagonism of NMDA
119
ketamine effects
analgesia impaired memory delirium respiratory depression
120
phenylcyclidine aka
``` angel dust boat hog love boat peace pill ```
121
phenylcyclidine forms of admin
swallowing smoking injecting
122
PCP effects
``` analgesia psychosis aggression violence slurred speech ```
123
PCP overdose tx sedation
HALDOL | BENZODIAZEPINES
124
DEXTROMETORPHAN aka
DXM robotripping robo triple c
125
DXM forms of admin
swallowing
126
DXM effects
``` euphoria slurred speech confusion dizziness distorted visual perceptions ```
127
hallicinogens
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE PSILOCYBIN MESCALINE
128
indole hallucinogens
LSD | PSILOCYBIN
129
hallucinogens depend on
surrounding emotional state not by increased dose
130
LSD aka
``` acid blotter cubes microdot yellow submarine ```
131
PSILOCYBIN aka
magic mushroom purple passion shrooms little smoke
132
amphetamine like hallucinogens
MESCALINE
133
mescaline aka
buttons cactus mesc peyote
134
moderate intoxication of hallucinogens
``` mydriasis diaphoresis tachycardia short attention span tremor htn hyperreflexia fever ```
135
untreated hyperthermia in hallucinogen toxicity can lead to
hypotension coagulopathy rhabdomyolysis MOF
136
other causes of hallucinations
hypoglycemia alcohol, drug withdrawal infection
137
tx for hallucinogen caused agitation, anxiety
HALDOL | BENZODIAZEPINE
138
androgenic anabolic steroids aka
``` anadrol oxandrin durabolin depo-testosterone equipoise roids juice gym candy oumpers ```
139
androgenic anabolic steroids forms of admin
injected swallowed applied to skin
140
moa of androgenic anabolic steroids
promote growth of skeletal ms (anabolic) | development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic)
141
those that prersent AAS addiction display a distinctive pattern of
comorbid psychopathology
142
long term effect of AAS
liver damage | CVD: high BP, inc LDL, dec HDL, cardia hypertrophy, atherosclerosis
143
aas + alcohol
synergystic in impulsive violent behavior - more research
144
AAS abuse treatment
restore hormonal system after its disruption | treat specific symptoms
145
inhalants
hydrocarbons- solvents, paints, aerosols gases- freon, halon: fire extinguishing agent) metallic paints- huffing
146
inhalant effects
dysrhythmias including VF esp when EPI is used CNS depression seizures respi irritation
147
long tern effects of inhalants
myelin breakdown leading to spasms, tremors, possible permanent motor impairment liver or kidney damage
148
TOLUENE in pregnancy
spontaneous abortions | fetal malformations
149
relatively safe taken by themselves, even in overdose
BENZODIAZEPINES
150
BENZODIAZEPINE overdose tx
FLUMANEZIL (romazicon)
151
an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative
FLUMANEZIL
152
FLUMANEZIL moa
antagonizes the actions of BENZODIAZEPINES on the CNS | competitively inh the activity at the recognition site on the GABA or receptor complex
153
benzodiazepines
``` DIAZEPAM (valium) LORAZEPAM (ativan) MIDAZOLAM (dormicum) CHLORODIAZEPOXIDE (librium) CHLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM (tranxene) FLURAZEPAM (dalmane) TRIAZOLAM (halcion) TEMAZEOAM (restoril) ```
154
drugs causing BOTH psychic and physical dependence
OPIATES | BARBITURATES
155
narcotic user
mainlining or junkie
156
narcotic withdrawal without medical tx
cold turkey
157
enslavement or narcotic dependence
monkey on my back
158
LSD user
acid heads
159
amphetamine user
speed freaks
160
classic amphetamines
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE METAMPHETAMINE METHYLPHENIDATE
161
moa of classic amphetamines
inc synaptic dopamine primarily by stimulating presynaptic release
162
amphetamine related substances
EPHEDRINE PROPANOLAMINE FENFLURAMKNE PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
163
designer amphetamines
MDMA MDEA DOM
164
moa of designer amphetamines
inc release of catecholamines(dopamine, NE) and serotonin
165
most potent hallucinogen
LSD

Pharmacology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions