drug actions

Question 1

zolpidem

Answer 1

benzodiazepine receptor agonist

->ambien

Question 2

zaleplon

Answer 2

benzodiazepine receptor agonist

Question 3

eszoplicone

Answer 3

benzodiazepine receptor agonist

Question 4

flumazenil

Answer 4

benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

->blocks GABA receptor

Question 5

ramelteon

Answer 5

melatonin receptor agonist

Question 6

doxepin

Answer 6

TCA, used for insomnia

Question 7

mirtazapine

Answer 7

anti-depressant used for insomnia

Question 8

trazodone

Answer 8

anti-depressant used for insomnia

Question 9

how do anti-depressants work in insomnia?

Answer 9

anti-histaminergic actions in tuberomammillary nucleus

Question 10

doxylamine

Answer 10

1st gen antihistamine

Question 11

how do 1st gen antihistamines work in insomnia

Answer 11

anti-histaminergic action in tuberomammillary nucleus

Question 12

suvorexant

Answer 12

orexin receptor antagonist

Question 13

2 longest acting NSAIDs

Answer 13

nabumetone, naproxen

Question 14

what is used for migraines in 1st trimester of pregnancy? later trimesters? what’s contraindicated

Answer 14

acetaminophen, opioids, ergots

Question 15

what NSAID can be administered IM as alternative to opioids?

Answer 15

Ketorolac

Question 16

which triptan is most effective and fastest acting? which two are the slowest but longest acting?

Answer 16

SQ sumatriptan

1. frovatriptan 2. naratriptan

Question 17

metoclopramide: primary and secondary actions

Answer 17

1-central D2 blockade
2-cholinergic actions->prokinetic
->anti-emetics

Question 18

prochlorperazine: primary and secondary actions

Answer 18

1-central D2 blockade
2-anti-cholinergic and alpha-antagonist, antihistamine
->anti-emetic

Question 19

chlorpromazine: primary and secondary actions

Answer 19

1-central D2 blockade
2-anti-cholinergic and alpha-antagonist, antihistamine
->anti-emetic

Question 20

promethazine: primary and secondary actions

Answer 20

1-anti-histamine (1st gen)
2-D2 and cholinergic antagonist
->anti-emetic

Question 21

amytryptilline: MOA and use

Answer 21

TCA with anticholinergic action

migraine prophylaxis

Question 22

valproic acid: MOA and non-AED use

Answer 22

Na channel blocker and increased GABA activity

migraine prophylaxis

Question 23

topiramate: MOA and use

Answer 23

Na channel and glutamate blocker, increased GABA activity

migraine prophylaxis

Question 24

what are the ophthalmic uses for muscarinic antagonists

Answer 24

uveitis/iritis and eye examinations

Question 25

cyclopentolate

Answer 25

muscarinic antagonist

Question 26

homotropine

Answer 26

muscarinic antagonist

Question 27

scopolamine

Answer 27

muscarinic antagonist

Question 28

tropicamide

Answer 28

muscarinic antagonist

Question 29

what are the prostaglandin analogs for glaucoma, what specific prostaglandin, and how do they work?

Answer 29

-prost's PGF2alpha increase aqueous outflow

Question 30

which two categories of drugs increase aqueous outflow in glaucoma?

Answer 30

prostaglandin analogs | muscarinic agonists/AChE inhibitors

Question 31

echothiopate

Answer 31

AChE inhibitor

Question 32

dipevefrin: MOA and use

Answer 32

prodrug of epinephrine->alpha and beta agonist | glaucoma

Question 33

brimonidine: MOA and use

Answer 33

alpha2 agonist | glaucoma and ocular hypertension

Question 34

apraclonidine: MOA and use

Answer 34

alpha2 agonist | ocular hypertension

Question 35

phenylephrine: MOA and use

Answer 35

alpha agonist | produce mydriasis and decongestant

Question 36

naphalozine: MOA and use

Answer 36

alpha agonist | decongestant

Question 37

tetrahydrozoline: MOA and use

Answer 37

alpha agonist | decongestant

Question 38

verteporfin

Answer 38

laser activator for treatment of macular degeneration

Question 39

carbamazepine

Answer 39

Na channel blocker

Question 40

clonazepam

Answer 40

benzodiazepine AED

Question 41

ethosuximide

Answer 41

T type Ca channel inhibitor

Question 42

gabapentin

Answer 42

inhibits alpha2 subunit of Ca channel

Question 43

valproate

Answer 43

increased GABA activity, reduced GABA metabolism | T type Ca channel inhibitor

Question 44

zonisamide

Answer 44

Na channel inhibitor

Question 45

phenytoin

Answer 45

Na channel inhibitor

Question 46

felbamate

Answer 46

GABA agonist | NMDA glutamate antagonist

Question 47

topiramate

Answer 47

Na channel blocker GABA agonist AMPA glutamate antagonist

Question 48

oxcarbazepine

Answer 48

Na channel blocker

Question 49

lacosamide

Answer 49

Na channel blocker

Question 50

lamotrigine

Answer 50

Na channel blocker

Question 51

levetiracetam

Answer 51

AED, unknown MOA

Question 52

what are AED options for partial and secondarily generalized seizures?

Answer 52

carbamazepine oxcarbazepine lamotrigine levetiracetam

Question 53

what are AED options for primary generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures as well as atypical absence seizures?

Answer 53

valproate lamotrigine levetiracetam

Question 54

what are AED options for absence seizures?

Answer 54

valproate | ethosuximide

Question 55

what anticholinergic drug may be used in vertigo?

Answer 55

scopolamine

Question 56

aprepitant/fosaprepitant

Answer 56

NK1 antagonist

Question 57

dronabinol

Answer 57

cannabinoid

Question 58

what two steroids are use as anti-emetics

Answer 58

methylprednisolone and dexamethasone