Drug Administration Uses Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
|ll. Absorption of Drugs
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ROUTE OF
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ADMINISTRATION
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Oral
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Sublingual
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Intravenous
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Intramuscular
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Subcutaneous
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Inhalation
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Topical
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11
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Transdermal
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(patch)
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Rectal
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Figure 1.5
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ABSORPTION
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PATTERN
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Dohert
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Variabl
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iable; affected by many
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factors
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Depends on the drug:
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22
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Few drugs (for exam
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nitroglycerin) have rapid
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direct systemic absorption
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Most drugs erratically or
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incompletely absorbed
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• Absorption not required
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Depends on drug diluents:
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Aqueus solution: prompt
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Depot preparations:
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slow and sustained
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• Depends on drug diluents:
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Aqueous solution: prompt
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Depot preparations:
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slow and sustained
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• Systemic absorption may
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occur; this is not always
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desirable
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Variable; affected by skin
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condition
area of skin
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other factors
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e Slow and sustained
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• Erratic and variable
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ADVANTAGES
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• Safest and most common
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convenient
and economical
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route of administration
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bypasses first-pass effect
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acid
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s destruction by stomach
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• Drug stability maintained because
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the pH of saliva relatively neutral
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ay ause mmedlate
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narmacological effects
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Can have immediate effects
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Sisitable f ttmes
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and complex mixtures
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•Valuable in emergency situations
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• Dosage titration permissible
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edl Tor nign molecular weight
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proteins and peptide drugs
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e Suitable if drug volume is moderate
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• Suitable for oily vehicles and certain
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Proforable to intravenous if patient
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must self-administer
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Suitable for slow-release d
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• ldeal for some poory soluble
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suspensions
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• Absorption is rapid; can have
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immediate effects
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• ldeal for gases
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• Effective for patients with respiratory
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• Dose can be titrated
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Localized effect to target lungs; lower
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doses used compared to that with
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oral or parenteral administration
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• Fewer systemic side effects
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• Suitable when local effect of drug is
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desired
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e May be used for skin
eye
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vaginal
and intranasal products
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• Minimizes systemic absorption
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•Easy for patient
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• Bypasses the first-pass effect
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e Convenient and painless
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• ldeal for drugs that are lipophilic
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and have poor oral bioavailability
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• ldeal for drugs that are quickly
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eliminated from the body
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•Partially bypasses first-pass effect
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Bypasses destruction by stomach acid
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• ldeal if drug causes vomiting
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• ldeal in patients who are vomiting
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or comatose
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DISADVANTAGES
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e Limited absorption of some drugs
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o Food may affect absorption
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Patient compliance is fore
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systemic absorption
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Limited to certain types of drugs
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can be
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o May lose part of the drug dose if
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swallowed
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•Unsuitable for oily substances
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ous njection may result in
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Most substances must be slowly
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injected
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Strict aseptic techniques needed
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• Affects certain lab tests (creatine
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kinase)
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e intramuscular
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hemorrhage (precluded during
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anticoagulation therapy)
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Pain or necrosis if drug is irritating
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Unsuitable for drugs administered
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in large volumes
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• Patient may have difficulty
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• Most addictive route (drug can enter
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the brain quickly)
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reguiatng
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se
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may have
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difficulty using inhalers
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liazepem
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Some patients are allergic t
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patches
which can cause irritation
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Drug must be highly lipophilic
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ben in small daily doses
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Drugs may irritate the rectal
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EXAMPLES
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•Acetaminophen
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tabie
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sUSpension
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• May cause delayed delivery of drug
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to pharmacologica
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faction
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mucosa
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o Not a well-accepted route
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The absorption pattern
advantages
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Ar
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troglycerin
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Pnorphine
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•Vancomycin
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Heparin
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Haloperidol
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Depor
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Some systemic absorption can occur Clotrimazole
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Unsuitable for drugs with high
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molecular weight or poor lipid
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solubility
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IrOYy
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progesterone
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o Epinephrine
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e Insulin
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Heparin
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o Albuterol
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e Fluticasone
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cream
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• Hydrocortisone
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Cream
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lol eye
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drops
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Nitroglycerin
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Nicotine
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Scopolamine
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Bisacodyl
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o Promethazine
