Drug cards for chapter 9

Question 1

what is the exemplar name for hydantoin?

Answer 1

phenytoin ( dilantin )

Question 2

what is the MOA of hydantoin ?

Answer 2

inhibition of sodium channels, delays sodium channels from becoming active

Question 3

indication for hydantoin

Answer 3

all types of seizures except for absence

Question 4

what is MOST popular indication for hydantoin?

Answer 4

tonic clonic seizures

Question 5

true or false. Dilantin is highly protein bound. Patients with low serum albumin levels will have increased effects of Dilantin. This means that there is more freely unbound active drug present in their body. They require lower drug levels of Dilantin.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what are some precautions and contraindications of hydantoin

Answer 6

teratogenic
depression and suicidal
renal liver and cardiac

Question 7

true or false. dilantin is not used for long term

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what are some adverse effects of hydantoin

Answer 8

nystagmus, suicidal thoughts, ataxia ( unsteady gait ), diplopia, can increase blood sugar ( rare )

gingival hyperplasia

Question 9

true or false. IV phenytoin, can be mixed with dextrose, BUT NEVER with normal saline

Answer 9

false, its the other way around weirdo

Question 10

true or false. it is important to monitor the IV closely when watching phenytoin? what can it caused

Answer 10

purple glove syndrome
administer it slowly

Question 11

What is the exemplar of benzodiazepine?

Answer 11

lorazepam ( ativan )

Question 12

MOA of benzo

Answer 12

potentiates GABA

Question 13

what is the indication for benzo ? specially which type is it good for ?

Answer 13

seizures, and its good for status epilepticus

Question 14

true or false. BENZO is known as a rescue med for seizures. this is not for long term.

Answer 14

true it is not for long term and it is used as a rescue med, its not used since it cna be addictive

Question 15

what is the antidote for lorazepam

Answer 15

flumazenil

Question 16

what is the exemplar name for barbiturates

Answer 16

phenobarbital ( ancalxilir )

Question 17

MOA of barbituates

Answer 17

produces cns depression, inhibits impulse transmission in the cns and raises seizures threshold.

Question 18

indication for barbiturates

Answer 18

seizures

Question 19

teratogenic can be seen in barbituates

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what is the exemplar for anticonvulsant

Answer 20

carbamazepine ( tegretol )

Question 21

what is the MOA for anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol )

Answer 21

Decreases synaptic transmission in the CNS by affecting sodium channels in neurons

Question 22

what is the indication for anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol )

Answer 22

most seizures types, not absence seizures

Question 23

true or false. giving grapefruit with anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol ), is safe.

Answer 23

false it is not = cause toxic levels of meds

Question 24

true or false. anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol ) causes bone marrow suppression

Answer 24

true

Question 25

does anticonvulsant: carbamazepine ( tegretol cause neurologic side effects?

Answer 25

yes along with bone marrow suppression teratogenic water retention

Question 26

what is valproic acid

Answer 26

suppressess neuronal firing by blocking sodium channels increases levels of gaba and suppresses calcium influx

Question 27

indication for valproic acid ( depakene )

Answer 27

treat all major seizure types

Question 28

what are the side effects of valproic acid ( depakene )

Answer 28

it has gi side effects ( it's hard on the liver, and pancreatitis)

Question 29

anticonvulsant : gabapentin ( Neurontin ) what is the MOA

Answer 29

exact mechanism is unknown increase gaba release

Question 30

inidication for anticonvulsant : gabapentin ( Neurontin )

Answer 30

partial seizures ( adjunctive therapy for seizures ) adjunctive - supportive role /never by itself with seizures

Question 31

anticonvulsants: gabapentin ( Neurontin ) what is one of the side effects

Answer 31

fall risks , other than that this is considered as a very safe medication

Question 32

what is anticonvulsant : levetiracetam ( keppra ) MOA

Answer 32

it is unknown

Question 33

indication for anticonvulsant : levetiracetam ( keppra )

Answer 33

all types seizures ( adjunct for partial seizures and generalized seizures )

Question 34

what is the side effect that is important for anticonvulsant : levetiracetam ( keppra )

Answer 34

renal injury

Question 35

anticonvulsant : topiramate MOA

Answer 35

* Potentiates GABA * Blockage of sodium channels * Blockage of calcium channels * Blockage of glutamate receptors

Question 36

anticonvulsant : topiramate indication

Answer 36

Adjunctive therapy for partial and generalized seizures

Question 37

what is the side effect for anticonvulsant : topiramate indication

Answer 37

suicidal ideation - higher risk anemia hyperthermia ( decreased sweating along with it ) weight loss