Drug Classes Flashcards
(196 cards)
1
Q
Promethazine
A
Sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic conditions (e.g. rhinitis, urticaria), N + V, sedation
2
Q
Cetirizine
A
Less sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
3
Q
Fexofenadine
A
Less sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
4
Q
Loratadine
A
Less sedating antihistamine Indications: allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
5
Q
Ketamine
A
General anaesthetic Indications: induction and maintenance of anaesthesia
6
Q
Propofol
A
Anaesthetic Indications: induction of and maintenance of anaesthesia, sedation,
7
Q
Suxamethonium
A
Anaesthetic Indications: skeletal muscle relaxation in anaesthesia
8
Q
Glycopyrrolate
A
Anticholinergic anaesthetic Indications: preoperative reduction of salivary and tracheobronchial secretions, perioperative bradycardia
9
Q
Lignocaine (all forms: local/IV)
A
Anaesthetic Indications: topical, infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia, IV regional anaesthesia (IVRA), postherpetic neuralgia (patch) Anti-arrhythmic Indications: serious ventricular arrhythmias
10
Q
Aspirin
A
NSAID Anti-platelet Indications: ACS, symptomatic atherosclerosis, relief of pain, inflammation and fever, rheumatic fever, acute migraine, RA, Kawasaki disease
11
Q
Paracetamol
A
Analgesic (not an NSAID; limited anti-inflammatory activity) Indications: mild to moderate pain, fever
12
Q
Codeine
A
Opiate Indications: mild to moderate pain, cough suppression, diarrhoea
13
Q
Fentanyl
A
Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid adjunct during general anaesthesia, breakthrough pain (lozenge, in cancer patients), epidural
14
Q
Methadone
A
Opioid analgesic Indications: severe pain, maintenance therapy in people with opioid dependence
15
Q
Oxycodone
A
Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain
16
Q
Morphine
A
Opiate Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid adjunct during general anaesthesia
17
Q
Tramadol
A
Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate pain
18
Q
Pethidine
A
Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid adjunct during general anaesthesia
19
Q
Acetylcysteine (NAC)
A
Antidote for paracetamol OD Contrast-induced nephropathy prophylaxis
20
Q
Flumazenil
A
GABA-A receptor agonist (used to treat benzodiazepene OD, reverse analgesia)
21
Q
Naloxone
A
Opioid antagonist Indications: opioid OD, reversal of sedation, to prevent opioid misuse
22
Q
Gentamicin
A
Aminoglycoside Indications: Gram negatives, surgical prophylaxis
23
Q
Meropenem
A
Carbapenem
24
Q
Vancomycin
A
Glycopeptide Abx
25
Clindamycin
Lincosamide
26
-thromycin
Macrolides (not all end in this suffix but common)
27
Metronidazole
Nitroimidazole
28
Tinidazole
Nitroimidazole
29
Rifampicin
Antitubercular agent
30
Amphotericin
Antifungal
31
Nystatin
Antifungal
32
Fluconazole
Antifungal
33
Terbinifine
Antifungal
34
Griseofulvin
Antifungal
35
Aciclovir
Antiviral
36
Famciclovir
Antiviral
37
Ganciclovir
Antiviral
38
Valaciclovir
Antiviral
39
Atovaquone/proguanil
Antiprotozoal
40
Chloroquine
Antiprotozoal
41
Mefloquine
Antiprotozoal
42
Albendazole
Antihelminthic
43
Mebendazole
Antihelminthic
44
Pyrantel
Antihelminthic
45
Spironolactone
Aldosterone antagonist (K+ sparing diuretic)
46
Frusemide
Loop diuretic
47
Sympathomimetics
Adrenaline Noradrenaline
48
Glyceryl trinitrate
Nitrate
49
Isosorbide mononitrate
Nitrate
50
Thiazides
Diuretic (anti-HTN)
51
Amiloride
K+-sparing diuretic
52
Diltiazem
CCB (non-DHP anti-HTN)
53
Verapamil
CCB (class IV antiarrhythmic, anti-HTN, migraine preventer)
54
Prazosin
a1 blocker (sympatholytic anti-HTN)
55
Clonidine
Centrally acting a2 agonist (anti-HTN, anxiolytic)
56
Hydralazine
Anti-HTN (vasodilator)
57
Methyldopa
Centrally acting a2 agonist (anti-HTN) DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
58
Amiodarone
Class III anti-arrhythmic
59
Atropine
Anti-muscarinic (anti-arrhythmic)
60
Digoxin
Glycoside (anti-arrhythmic)
61
Flecainide
Class Ic anti-arrhythmic
62
Sotalol
Non-selective B-blocker Class III anti-arrhythmic
63
Gemfibrozil
Fibrate
64
Statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
65
Fenofibrate
Cholesterol-lowering
66
Heparin
Anticoagulant
67
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulant
68
Warfarin
Anticoagulant
69
Rivaroxaban
Anticoagulant
70
Dabigatran
Anticoagulant
71
Clopidogrel
Anti-platelet
72
Alteplase
Thrombolytic
73
Tranexamic acid
Thrombolytic
74
Protamine
Reversal agent for heparin and LMWH
75
Vitamin K
Reversal agent for warfarin
76
Erythropoietin alpha
For treatment of anaemia (e.g. in CKD, IBD, myelodysplasia secondary to cancer therapy)
77
Polystyrene sulfonate resins (resonium)
K+ binder
78
Aluminium hydroxide
Antacid K+ binder (not preferred)
79
Calcium carbonate
Antacid K+ binder Ca2+ supplement
80
Potassium chloride SR
Treatment of hypokalaemia
81
Mometasone
Topical steroid
82
Hydrocortisone (topical)
Topical steroid
83
Calcipotriol
Topical synthetic vit D (for treatment of psoriasis)
84
Acitretin
Oral retinoid
85
Isotretinoin
Oral retinoid
86
Dexamethasone/framycetin/gramicidin (Otodex, Sofradex)
Two Abx (framycetin = aminoglycoside) + anti-inflammatory Indications: otitis externa
87
Flumethasone/clioquinol
Anti-inflammatory + antifungal/anti-protozoal indications: otitis externa
88
Topical ciprofloxacin
Quinolone Indications: CSOM, keratitis, severe conjunctivitis
89
Triamcinolone/neomycin/nystatin/gramicidin
Topical steroid + aminoglycoside + antifungal + Abx Indications: otitis externa
90
Isopropyl alcohol
Water-drying aid for the prevention of otitis externa
91
Betahistine
Vasodilator for treatment of vertigo Indications: Meniere's disease
92
Phenylephrine
a1 agonist (oral decongestant) Indications: rhinitis/sinusitis, mydriasis, hypotension
93
Pseudoephedrine
a1 agonist (oral decongestant) Indications: rhinitis/sinusitis
94
Oxymetazoline
a agonist (intranasal decongestant) Indications: rhinitis/sinusitis
95
Ipatropium
Corticosteroid (intranasal decongestant) Indications: allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps
96
Metformin
Biguanide Indications: T2DM
97
Pioglitazone
Glitazone Indications: T2DM
98
Sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor Indications: T2DM
99
Thyroxine
Synthetic T4 Indications: hypothyroidism, block-replacement regimen in hyperthyroidism, suppressive regimen in thyroid cancer and euthyroid goitre
100
Carbimazole
Anti-thyroid Indications: Graves' disease, preparation for thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment, thyroid storm
101
Propylthiouracil
Anti-thyroid (same action as carbimazole + inhibits TPO) Indications: Graves' disease, preparation for thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine treatment, thyroid storm
102
Alendronate
Bisphosphonate Indications: OP prevention and treatment, Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcaemia of malignancy
103
Risedronate
Bisphosphonate Indications: OP prevention and treatment, Paget's disease of bone, hypercalcaemia of malignancy
104
Calcitriol
Vit D supplement Indications: OP treatment and prevention, hypocalcaemia (hypoPTH, rickets, renal osteodystrophy, chronic renal dialysis)
105
Cholecalciferol
Vit D3 supplement Indications: OP treatment and prevention, vit D deficiency treatment and prevention
106
Strontium ranelate
Anti-OP (incorporated into bone) Indications: severe (postmenopausal) OP when other agents are unsuitable
107
Raloxifene
SERM Indications: OP treatment and prevention
108
Cortisone acetate
Glucocorticoid Indications: glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency
109
Fludrocortisone
Mineralocorticoid Indications: mineralocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency (+ glucocorticoid)
110
Hydrocortisone
Glucocorticoid Indications: glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency, acute adrenal insufficiency
111
Desmopressin
ADH analogue Indications: Dx aid for DDx of polyuria, pituitary diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, control of bleeding in haemophilia and type I vWD
112
Bromocriptine
DA agonist Indications: acromegaly, hyperprolactinaemia, PD
113
Cabergoline
DA agonist Indications: hyperprolactinaemia, PD
114
Framycetin (topical)
Aminoglycoside Indications: bacterial eye infections
115
Topical chloramphenicol
Abx Indications: otitis externa, CSOM, bacterial eye infections
116
Timolol
Topical B-blocker Indications: glaucoma, ocular hypertension
117
Latanoprost
Topical prostaglandin analogue Indications: glaucoma, ocular hypertension
118
Brimonidine
Topical a2 agonist Indications: chronic open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, rosacea (facial erythema)
119
Brinzolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Indications: glaucoma, ocular hypertension
120
Bisacodyl
Stimulant laxative Indications: constipation, bowel prep
121
Docusate +/- senna
Stool softener +/- stimulant laxative Indications: constipation, bowel prep, prevent straining following rectal surgery and acute perianal disease
122
Lactulose
Osmotic laxative Indications: constipation, hepatic encephalopathy
123
Loperamide
Opioid anti-diarrhoeal Indications: diarrhoea (usually short-term), intestinal stoma
124
Diphenoxylate (lomotil)
Opioid anti-diarrhoeal Indications: diarrhoea (usually short-term)
125
Mesalazine
5-ASA Indications: IBD
126
Sulfasalazine
5-ASA Indications: IBD
127
Oxybutynin
Anticholinergic Indications: urinary urge incontinence
128
Tamsulosin
a1 blocker Indications: BPH
129
Finasteride
5-a-reductase inhibitor Indications: BPH, androgenetic alopecia
130
Sildenafil
PDE-5 inhibitor Indications: ED, PAH
131
Methotrexate
Folic acid antagonist (immunomodulator) Indications: cancer (e.g. breast, TCC, SCC, acute leukaemias, NHL), RA, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, polymyositis/dermatomyositis
132
Cyproterone
Anti-androgen Indications: prostate cancer, reduction of sexual drive in men, androgenisation in women
133
Tamoxifen
SERM Indications: hormone-receptor positive breast cancer
134
Cyclosporin
Immunosuppressant (calcineurin inhibitor) Indications: prevention of transplant rejection, nephrotic syndrome, RA, psoriasis
135
Tacrolimus
Immunosuppressant (calcineurin inhibitor) Indications: transplant rejection, GVHD, induction or maintenance of remission in immune and inflammatory diseases
136
Azathioprine
Immunosuppressant (purine antimetabolite) Indications: prevention of transplant rejection, immune and inflammatory diseases (e.g. RA, IBD, SLE, ITP, AIH, Behcet's syndrome, atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, vasculitis)
137
Mycophenolate
Immunosuppressant Indications: prevention of transplant rejection, some AI diseases
138
Filgrastim
G-CSF Indications: neutropenia (e.g. in chemotherapy, leukaemia, etc)
139
Lenograstim
G-CSF Indications: neutropenia (e.g. in chemotherapy, leukaemia, etc)
140
Celecoxib
Selective COX-2 inhibitor Indications: pain due to inflammatory arthropathies, pain due to inflammation and tissue injury
141
Meloxicam
Selective COX-2 inhibitor Indications: pain due to inflammatory arthropathies, pain due to inflammation and tissue injury
142
Leflunomide
Immunosuppressant Indications: RA, psoriatic arthritis
143
Hydroxychloroquine
Anti-inflammatory immunomodulator Indications: RA, SLE
144
Allopurinol
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor Indications: gout, urate nephrolithiasis, hyperuricaemia
145
Colchicine
Anti-inflammatory Indications: gout
146
Clonazepam
Benzodiazepine Indications: refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus
147
Clobazam
Benzodiazepine Indications: anxiety (+ insomnia), refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus
148
Midazolam
Benzodiazepine Indications: anaesthetic, refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus
149
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine Indications: anxiety, acute alcohol withdrawal, premedication and sedation, refractory epilepsy (esp absence and myoclonic seizures), acute seizures, status epilepticus, muscle spasm
150
Carbamazapine
Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar disorder
151
Sodium valproate
Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, bipolar disorder
152
Phenytoin
Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, status epilepticus, seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgery
153
Lamotrigine
Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, bipolar disorder
154
Levetiracetam
Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy
155
Topiramate
Anti-epileptic Indications: epilepsy, prevention of migraine
156
Levodopa
DA precursor Indications: PD
157
Carbidopa
Peripheral DA decarboxylase inhibitor Indications: with levodopa in PD
158
Pramipexole
DA agonist Indications: PD, restless legs syndrome
159
Benztropine
Anticholinergic Indications: PD, drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders (except tardive dyskinesia), acute dystonic reaction
160
Entacapone
COMT inhibitor Indications: PD
161
Triptans
5HT-1 agonists Indications: acute relief of migraine
162
Pizotifen
5HT-2 antagonist Indications: migraine and cluster headache prevention
163
Donepezil
Anticholinesterase Indications: Alzheimer's disease
164
Rivastigmine
Anticholinesterase Indications: Alzheimer's disease
165
Galantamine
Anticholinesterase Indications: Alzheimer's disease
166
Chlorpromazine
Anti-psychotic Indications: psychosis (acute or chronic), bipolar disorder, migraine
167
Cyproterone + ethinyloestradiol
Combined OCP Indications: androgenisation, contraception
168
Drosperinone + ethinyloestradiol
Combined OCP Indications: contraception, moderate acne, premenstrual dysphoric disorder
169
Norethisterone + ethinyloestradiol
Combined OCP Indications: contraception
170
Levonorgestrel + ethinyloestradiol
Combined OCP Indications: contraception, moderate acne
171
Tibolone
HRT (acts as an oestrogen) Indications: relief of menopausal Sx, OP prevention
172
Moclobemide
MAOI Indications: major depression
173
Mirtazapine
TCA Indications: major depression
174
Haloperidol
Anti-psychotic Indications: psychosis (acute and chronic), mania, Tourette syndrome and other chorea
175
Olanzapine
Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, psychosis (acute and chronic)
176
Risperidone
Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, behaviour disturbance in dementia, behavioural disorders in autism, psychosis (acute and chronic)
177
Quetiapine
Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, generalised anxiety disorder, psychosis (acute and chronic)
178
Clozapine
Anti-psychotic Indications: schizophrenia, bipolar, psychosis (acute and chronic)
179
Lithium
Drug for bipolar disorder Indications: bipolar disorder, acute mania
180
Zolpidem (Stilnox)
Potentiates inhibitory effects of GABA Indications: insomnia
181
Methylphenidate
Psychostimulant Indications: ADHD, narcolepsy
182
Dexamphetimine
Psychostimulant Indications: ADHD, narcolepsy
183
Buprenorphine
Opioid analgesic Indications: moderate to severe pain, opioid dependence
184
Varenicline
Partial nicotinic agonist Indications: smoking cessation
185
Naltrexone
Opioid antagonist Indications: alcohol abstinence, opioid abstinence
186
Acamprosate
Long-term treatment for alcoholism (maintenance of abstinence)
187
Salbutamol
SABA Indications: asthma (reliever, prophylactically in exercise), Mx of pre-term labour
188
Terbutaline
SABA Indications: asthma (reliever, prophylactically in exercise
189
Salmeterol
LABA In fixed dose combination with fluticasone as metered dose inhaler or dry powder inhaler (Seretide) Indications: asthma (preventer), COPD
190
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
LAMA Indications: COPD
191
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
SAMA Indications: asthma, COPD (reliever)
192
Fluticasone
Inhaled corticosteroid In fixed dose combination with terbutaline as metered dose inhaler or dry powder inhaler (Seretide) Indications: asthma (preventer), COPD
193
Budesonide
Inhaled corticosteroid Indications: asthma (preventer), croup
194
Cromoglycate (inhaled)
Cromone Indications: asthma (preventer, prophylactically for exercise)
195
Montelukast
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist Indications: asthma (preventer, prophylactically for exercise), allergic rhinitis
196
Oestradiol
Can be included in combined OCP or used as HRT Indications: relief of menopausal Sx, OP prevention, atrophic vaginitis, contraception
