Drug Classification Flashcards
(58 cards)
1
Q
Therapeutic Classes
A
- Broad catagories based on therapeutic intent
- Each broad Therapeutic Class involved several Pharmacologic classes
- Ex. The borad Therapeutic Class antihypertensives includes 13 pharmacologic classes
- Drugs grouped by Therapeutic Class work in very different ways
- They are NOT chemically similar
- They have DIFFERENT mechanisms of action
- Therapeutic Class is useful when speaking of drugs in a general way
- “You will need an antihypertensive medication”
2
Q
Analgesics
A
- Drugs that control pain
3
Q
Anesthetics
A
- drugs that cause reversable loss of sensation of pain or reversable loss of consciousness
4
Q
Antihistamines
A
- drugs that control or treat allergies
5
Q
Anti-infectives
A
- drugs that combat infestions such as antibiotics
6
Q
Antineoplastic agents
A
- drugs that are used to treat cancer
7
Q
Anti-emetics
A
- drugs that stop vomiting
8
Q
Autonomic Drugs
A
- agents that stimulate or supress the ANS
9
Q
Blood Derivatives
A
- specific process blood components such as:
- red blood cells
- plasma
- platelets
- most blood products contain blood derivatives
10
Q
Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis Agents
A
- drug products that alter coagulation and platelet adhesion
- commonly called “blood thinners”
11
Q
Cardiovascular Drugs
A
- agents that influence the actions of the heart and health of the circulatory system
- antihypertensives
- anticholesterolemics
- 2 pharmacologic classes that belong in this therapeutic class
12
Q
Central Nervous System Agents
A
- drugs that act on the brain to:
- dull pain
- cause weight loss
- reduce convulsions
- stop vomiting
- relieve anxiety
- cause sleep
- stimulate attention
- relax muscles
13
Q
Contraceptives
A
- (foams, devices)
- pregnancy prevention
14
Q
Dental Agents
A
- drugs that act locally in the mouth to numb dental pain or teething problems
15
Q
Diagnostic Agents
A
- drugs used to confirm or indicate a specific medical diagnosis
16
Q
Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance Agents
A
- Parenteral agents or medications not administered through the GI tract
- returns a patients electrolytes to normal values
- glucose IV may be given to increase the sugar content of blood
- Saline solution for adequate hydration
17
Q
Enzymes
A
- usually digestive enzymes needed for the proper digestion of fats and food
18
Q
Respiratory Tract Agents
A
- drugs given by inhalation for treating allergies, asthma, and infections
19
Q
Ophtalmic, Otic, Nasal, and Throat (EENT)
A
- drugs used in the eye, ear, nose and throat for treating local conditions
20
Q
Gastrointestinal Drugs
A
- antacids
- antidiarrheals
- laxatives
- acid reducers
21
Q
Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
A
- drugs that replace natural hormones or are synthetic analogs of natural hormones
- examples:
- testosterone
- estrogen
- thyroid
22
Q
Oxytocics
A
- agents used to induce labor and reduce postpartum bleeding
23
Q
Serums, Toxoids, Vaccines
A
- agents used to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens
- Ex.
- Tetanus
- Polio
- Shingles
24
Q
Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents
A
- Agents used to treat acne, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.
25
Smooth Muscle Relaxants
* Drugs that affect skeletal muscle function and decrease muscle tone
26
Vitamins
* Organic compounds and vital nutrients that an organism requires in limited amounts
*
27
Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
* Alcohol deterrents
* snake-bite antidotes
* immunosuppressants for organ transplants
* antigout medications
* and more
28
ATC
Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical System of drug classification
* Widely used in Europe and some North American countries.....but not the U.S. Still, we American students need to know this, so giving a silent salute to America's rebellious nature -- ingenuity and all that -- here goes!
* Divisons: (of ATC)
* Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
* Blood and Blood-Forming Organs
* Cardiovascular System
* Dermatologicals
* Genitourinary System and Sex Hormones
* Systemic Hormonal Preparations, excluding sex hormones and insulins
* Anti-infectives for systemic use
* Antineoplastics and Immune-Modulating Agents
* Musculoskeletal System
* Nervous System
* Antiparasitic products, Insecticides, and Repellents
* Respiratory System
* Sensory Organs
* Various
* Each broad anatomic division is further subdivided by organs and pharmacologic classes.
* ex. Cardiovascular System
* Heart
* Antianginal
* Nitroglycerine
29
Other U.S. Drug Classification Systems
* Uniquely U.S. systems of drug classification
* VA Medication Classification System
* Physicians Desk Reference (PDR.net)
* Drugs.com (Sounds suspiciously generic..pun intended! Hell yeah!)
* AHFS (American Hospital Formulary System)
30
Main ways U.S. Classifies Medications
In the U.S. you can find at least 5 *relevant* methods of drug classification:
1. Anatomical
2. Therapeutic
3. Pharmacologic
4. Chemical
5. USAN Council stems
31
AHFS
* American Hospital Formulary System
* Has a widely used Therapeutic-Pharmacologic indexing system
32
Pharmacologic Classes
* Pharmacologic classification is based on *mechanism of action* and includes only those medications that have the *_same or similar mechanism of action._*
* This classification system describes a drugs properties in a specific way
* Pharmacologic class is necessary when determining a specific treatment
* "An ACE inhibitor is more desireable than a beta-blocker."
* Generic names of drugs in the same pharmacologic class often have the *_same stem - prefix, suffix, or infix._*
* ex. Beta-blockers end in ***"-olol"***
* Drugs in pharmacologic classes have *similar attributes*
* *Indications*
* *Mechanism of Action*
* *Contraindications and Precautions*
* *Interactions*
* *Adverse Reactions and Side Effects*
* Drugs in a Pharmacologic Class may differ:
* Dosages
* Time Action Profile
* Availability
33
Chemical Classes
drug classificatgions related to their chemical structure
34
Opiates
analgesic drugs derived from the opium poppy and based on morphine as the chemical template
35
benzodiazepines
tranquelizer/sedative drugs developed based on the 1,4-benzodiazepine chemical structure
36
barbiturates
hypnotic drugs designed on the barbiturate acid chemical structure
37
phenothiazines
tranquelizer drugs based on the dibenzo 1,4-thiazine chemical structure
38
Steroids
anti-inflammatory drugs based on the sterane chemical structure
39
thiazides
diuretic drugs based on the 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine chemical structure
40
bisphosphonates
osteoporosis drugs related to diphosphonic esters
41
quinolones
antibiotic compounds using 4-keto-1-benzopiperidine (known chemically as quinolone) as the basic structure
42
sulfonamides
antibiotic compounds that are based on amides of para-aminosulfonic acid
43
thiazolidinediones
antidiabetic agents that are modeled after 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione chemical structure
44
USAN Council stem classification
United States Adopted Name Council stem classifications
45
-afil
* PDE5 inhibitors
* used to treat erectile dysfunction
* sildinafil (Viagria)
* tadafil (Cialis)
46
-olol
* beta-blockers
* antihypertensive
* atenolol (Tenormin)
47
-azepam
* anti-anxiety agents
* lorazepam (Ativan)
48
-caine
* local anesthetic
* benzocaine (Americaine)
49
- cef
- ceph
* cephalosporin
* antibiotic
* cephalaxin (Keflex)
50
-pine
* calcium channel blocker
* heart and BP treatment
* nifedipine (Procardia)
51
-pril
* ACE inhibitor
* antihypertensive
* enalapril (Vasotec)
52
-statin
* cholesterol lowering agent
* rosuvastatin (Crestor)
53
-prazole
* anti-ulcer agent
* esomeprazole (Nexium)
54
-glitazone
* suger-lowering agent
* pioglitazone (Actos)
55
-mab
* monoclonal antibodies
* adalimumab (Humira)
56
-oxetine
* antidepressant
* paroxetine (Paxil)
57
-tidine
* H2 receptor antagonist
* treats heartburn
* climetidine (Tagamet)
58
-vir
* antivirals
* acyclovir (Zovirax)
