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Flashcards in Drug Discovery Final Deck (20)
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1
Q

What makes bacteria different than us?

A

Prokaryotic

Plasmid DNA

2
Q

What are Koch’s postulates? What’s it for?

A

The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease.
The bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the bacteria is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
The bacteria must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.

Useful for determining whether a given bacteria is the cause of a given disease.

3
Q

What is chemotherapy?

A

A chemical directly interferes with the proliferation of microorganisms (or cancerous cells or whatever) at concentrations tolerated by the host.

4
Q

What’s selective toxicity?

A

That a chemical shows greater toxicity to the microbial cells than to host cells.

5
Q

What does bacteriostatic mean?

A

inhibit cell growth, requires immune system to kill pathogens

6
Q

What does bactericidal mean?

A

Mechanism of action actively kills bacterial cells

7
Q

What does narrow-spectrum mean?

A

will target specific types or species of bacteria

8
Q

What does broad-spectrum mean?

A

Can target a broad range of bacteria

9
Q

What is a pro-drug?

A

A compound which is inactive until converted by the body into an active drug.

10
Q

How do beta-lactams work?

A

They disrupt cell wall biosynthesis by mimicking the D-ala D-ala for the end of peptide chains, and inhibit the substrate for transpeptidases which link them.

Irreversible inhibition.

11
Q

WHY do Beta-lactam antibiotics work?

A

They have the beta-lactam ring which makes them effective… (idk what else boi)

12
Q

What do sulphonamides target?

A

Pyrimidine synthesis.

13
Q

How do sulphonamides work?

A

They inhibit the synthesis of a coenzyme for pyrimidine synthesizing enzymes.

14
Q

What kind of inhibition do sulphonamides use?

A

Competitive, reversible inhibition.

15
Q

What are the three functions of antibodies?

A

Neutralization, complement recruitment, and opsonization.

16
Q

How does neutralization work?

A

Free-floating antibodies bind to virii and toxins to inactivate them. Prevent them from interacting with anything else.

17
Q

How does complement recruitment work?

A

Antigen-antibody complexes begin the complement system and trigger its antibiotic activity.

18
Q

How does opsonization work?

A

Antibodies are already bound to the surface of foreign substances. Phagocytotic cells grab these antibodies to efficiently perform phagocytosis. A group hug.

19
Q

What does the monoclonal antibody (MAb) have to do with drug discovery?

A

Antibody-based therapies are a type of biopharmaceutical.
Newer drug development strategy.
Involves engineering of the drug binding site based on initial antigen selectivity.
Most are designed for cancer-based immunotherapy.

20
Q

What is the monoclonal antibody (MAb)?

A

antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell