Drug Eruptions/hypersensitivity

Question 1

Chronic urticaria

Answer 1

-assoc with pressure on skin, cold, vibration

Question 2

Urticaria treatment

Answer 2

• acute therapy: H1 blockers like Benadryl hydroxyzine
• life threatening: add steroids
• chronic therapy: new gen H1 blockers like Claritin, Zyrtec, etc

Question 3

Morbiliform rash

Answer 3

• milder form of urticaria, ie typical drug rash. Generalized macularpapular eruption that blanches
• causes: penicillin, sulfa, phenytoin, allopurinol
• lymphocyte mediated
• treated with antihistamines

Question 4

Erythema multiforme

Answer 4

• causes: penicillins, phenytoin, NSAIDs, sulfa drugs, HSV or mycoplasma infection
• target like lesions on palms and soles
• treatment is anti histamine or infection

Question 5

Stevens Johnson syndrome

Answer 5

-similar to toxic epidermal necrolysis
-causes: penicillin, sulfa, NSAIDs, phenytoin, phenobarbital
-

Question 6

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 6

• most serious version of cutaneous hypersensitivity rxn
• affects 30-100% of body area
• +nikolsky sign
• diagnose with skin biopsy
• no steroids, may decrease survival

Question 7

Acute urticaria

Answer 7

• hypersensitivity, IgE mediated
• cutaneous anaphylaxis wo hemodynamic compromise
• causes: meds, insect bites, foods, emotions, latex

Question 8

Alopecia areata

Answer 8

• discrete, smooth, circular areas of hair loss over the scalp
• no associated scaling or inflammation
• hair loss develops over a few weeks and is usually recurrent. Most patients will have hair regrowth over time
• treatment:

Question 9

Tinea capitis

Answer 9

-scaling and inflammation of scalp areas with hair loss

Question 10

Discoid lupus erythematosis

Answer 10

• with scalp involvement, it causes hair loss, scaling, inflammation, scarring, hypopigmentation
• may be associated lesions on face or extremities