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Drug Information Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary literature

A

Original research, theories, ideas, opinions

Want it to be peer reviewed published in scientific journal – caution if it has not been peer reviewed

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2
Q

Beall’s List

A

list of predatory publishers that do not perform rigorous peer review

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3
Q

clinicaltrials.gov

A

secondary resource published by NIH showing publicly and privately funded clinical trials

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4
Q

Cochrane library

A

secondary resource published by John Wiley & Sons that contain systematic reviews, clinical trial registry, and cochrane clinical answers

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5
Q

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)

A

secondary resource published by ESCBO that contains >1000 medical journals

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6
Q

Embase

A

secondary resource published under Elsevier that contains MEDLINE journals – may publish journals faster than MEDLINE

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7
Q

google scholar

A

secondary resource published by google containing scholarly material, organized by # of citations

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8
Q

GuidelineCentral

A

secondary resource with >1000 clinical practice guidelines

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9
Q

International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA)

A

secondary resource with >800 peer-reviewed journals with relevance to pharmacy practice

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10
Q

LexisNexis (Nexis Uni)

A

secondary resource with >60,000 legal, news, and public record sources for current events

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11
Q

MEDLINE

A

secondary resource published by NLM with >5000 peer-reviewed journals

Most relevant secondary resource for pharmacists

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12
Q

Trip database

A

secondary resource with all RCTs and systematic reviews from MEDLINE
searchable by PICOS terms

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13
Q

tertiary resources

A

provides convenient information that has been synthesized and summarized from primary literature

ex: textbook, electronic drug/medical databases, clinical practice guidelines, systematic review articles

tertiary should be first step in systematic search for drug information

systematic reviews w/ meta-analysis may be considered primary if they yield new results

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14
Q

American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information

A

tertiary resource published by ASHP- high level of detail for clinical evidence; avail on Lexicomp

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15
Q

Clinical Pharmacology

A

tertiary resource published by Elsevier that contains monographs, pt education in english & spanish, beers criteria, ISMP, searchable by adverse reaction

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16
Q

DailyMed

A

tertiary resource published by NLM with package inserts, links to clinical trials

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17
Q

DrugBank

A

tertiary resource that focuses on medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, PK, pharmacogenomics

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18
Q

Facts & Comparisons

A

tertiary resource best for community pharmacy practice
review of natural products

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19
Q

Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs

A

tertiary resource published by APhA that is an overview of OTCs

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20
Q

Index Nominum

A

tertiary resource providing clinical & nomenclature info for meds; avail thru micromedex

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21
Q

lexicomp

A

tertiary resource with a variety of sub-databases; has pt info handouts based on literacy level; avail thru uptodate

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22
Q

Mardindale

A

tertiary resource that provides monographs on >6000 meds with some international drugs, diagnostics, supplements, veterinary; avail on micromedex, lexicomp

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23
Q

Micromedex

A

tertiary resource known for coverage of off-label uses ; includes Red Book for pricing information

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24
Q

PDR and Prescribers’ Digital Reference

A

tertiary resource with FDA-approved prescribing info. special print editions for herbals, OTCs, ophthalmics, supplements

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25
Drugs@FDA
tertiary resource with comprehensive FDA-approved information, safety information (recalls), Orange Book (therapeutic equivalence) and Purple Book (biologics)
26
USP Dictionary of US Adopted Names and International Drug Names
tertiary resource published by USP with info on chemical, generic, proprietary names and chemical info, like structure & weight
27
Tertiary Resources for Adverse Effects & Reactions
FAERS VAERS FDAble Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs Side Effects of Drugs Annual Clin-Alert Drug-Induced Diseases
28
Tertiary Resources for Compounding
Handbook of Injectable Drugs King Guide to Parenteral Admixtures Trissel's Stability of Compounded Formulations Extemporaneous Formulations for Pediatric, Geriatric, and Special Needs Patients Extended Stability for Parenteral Drugs
29
Tertiary Resources for Dietary Supplements
Dietary Supplement Label Database Natural Medicines
30
Tertiary Resources for Interactions
The Top 100 Drug Interactions Stockley's Drug Interactions
31
Tertiary Resources for Medical Information
UpToDate DynaMed
32
Tertiary Resources for Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenmoics sub-database in Lexicomp PharmGKB
33
Tertiary Resource for Pregnancy and Lactation
Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation LactMed Catalog of Teratogenic Agents Medications and Mothers' Milk
34
Harriet Lane Handbook
tertiary resource for pediatrics
35
Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseaes
tertiary resource for standards of care managing infectious disease in peds patients
36
Tertiary Resource for Toxicology
Goldfranks' Toxicology Emergencies TOXNET LiverTox
37
Tertiary Resource for Veterniary products
Compendium of Veterinary Products Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
38
Descriptive Research Design
Shares anecdotal experiences. Lacks formal evidence, but hypotesis-generating Case report (single pt), case series (multiple patients)
39
Observational Study Design
Evidence with formally planned method but NOT experimental Cross-sectional (prevalence), case-control (outcome of interest), cohort (risk factor of interest) Cohorts gold standard for pharmcoepidemiology
40
Interventional Study Design
Evidence with formal, preplanned method and with an intervention Noncontrolled trials, interrupted time series, non-equivalent control groups, and RCT (gold standard)
41
Noncontrolled trials
Interventional Study Design Involves single group of patients who all receive intervention of interest Can use if placebo unethical ex: pts in ICU not responding to dexamethasone were treated with preplanned protocol of cyclosporine + favipiravir for covid
42
Interrupted Time Series
Interventional Study Design Most commonly used when investigators seek to implement a practice change & want to compare it with previous conditions "Quasi-randomized"
43
Non-equivalent control group
Interventional Study Design "quasi-randomized" AKA cluster randomized trial Patients placed into groups based on location (hospital, clinic) or self-select into one group (selection bias)
44
PICOS
P: patient, population, problem I: intervention or interest C: comparator or control O: outcomes S: setting or study design Creates search terms for secondary sources like PubMed
45
Boolean terms
used if more than 1 MeSH term used AND = both terms OR = either term NOT = indexed to first term, not second term (caution use) Using more than 2-3 terms can make it overly specific. If <100 articles result, use a filter instead of more terms.
46
PubMed automatic term mapping
key words that are searched are automatically mapped to see if entry term detected -- can increase sensitivity, however may decrease specificity assumes AND
47
AIDET
tool to introduce yourself to patient, caregiver, provider A: Acknowledge I: Introduce D: Duration E: Explanation T: Thank you
48
Preferred communication style
assertive not passive, passive-aggressive, aggressive
49
Proxemics
nonverbal communication addressing physical distance between people
50
Chronemics
nonverbal communication addressing use of time
51
Oculesics
nonverbal communication addressing use of eye contact
52
Haptics
nonverbal communication addressing use of touch
53
Kinesics
nonverbal communication addressing use of body movements
54
Objectics
nonverbal communication addressing use of objects (clothing, lab jacket, pt materials)
55
Vocalics
nonverbal communication addressing use of vocal tone/pitch
56
SCHOLAR-MAC
took to assess patient's problem and symptoms Symptoms Characteristics History Onset Location Aggravating factors Remitting factors Medications Allergies Conditions
57
BATHE
Procedure to use when dealing with a patient's problems if there is an emotional component Background Affect Trouble Handling Empathy
58
Literacy performance levels
Below basic (1) (may have trouble matching information or identifying #s to use in math problems) Basic (2): solve routine math problems, make simple inferences Intermediate (3): summarize text, interpret instructions from OTC drug labels Proficient (4): highest level, could calculate based on mg/kg
59
Health literacy screening tools
Research studies: REALM SAHLSA-50 (spanish/english) TOFHLA (english/spanish) Clinical assessments: NVS (english/spanish) SILS SAHL-S&E (english/spanish)
60
Adherence Estimator
prospective assessment to determine the likelihood that patient will adhere to newly prescribed medication single med
61
Morisky questionnaire
prospective assessment to measure adherence multiple medications , available in several languages

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