Drug List Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
Isotritinoin
A
-Acne (Accutane)
- alters gene expression
- causes birth defects
2
Q
Zidovudine (ZVT)
A
-Antiviral
- Inhibits DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase
- chain terminator
3
Q
Hydroxyurea
A
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Increased expression of Fetal Hg
4
Q
Allopurinol
A
- Gout
- Inhibits xanthine oxidase, decreasing plasma uric acid levels
5
Q
Imatinib (Gleevec)
A
CML
-Inhibits rogue kinase
6
Q
Methotrexate
A
-anti-cancer agent
- inhibits DHFR
- Decreased synthesis of nucleotides
7
Q
Fluroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
A
- antibiotic
- Inhibits bacterial Gyrase
8
Q
Metronidazole
A
-Antibiotic
- Treats bacterial and parasitic infections
- Disrupt DNA synthesis
9
Q
Tetracycline
A
- Antibiotic
- inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
10
Q
Rifamycin (Rifampin)
A
- Antibiotic
- Anti TB
- Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
- *also inhibits mitochondrial RNA polymerase!!
11
Q
Cortisone/Cortisol
A
-Anti-inflammatory
- Inhibits Arachidonic acid pathway
- made by adrenal cortex
12
Q
Fluticasone
A
- Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis, Allergic rhinitis
- Steroid anti-inflammatory
13
Q
Prednisone
A
- Anti-inflammatory
- inhibits phospholipase A2, decreasing prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis
14
Q
Cyclosporine
A
- prevents rejection of transplanted organs
- inhibits helper T cell activation via calcineurin
15
Q
Tacrolimus
A
- prevents rejection of transplanted organs
- inhibits helper T cell activation via calcineurin
16
Q
Rapamycin
A
- Prevent rejection of transplanted organs
- for coating stents inserted into cardiac vasculature
-Inhibit helper T cell activation via mTOR pathway
17
Q
Folate/Folic Acid
A
- Macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia
- Needed for DNA synthesis
18
Q
Iron
A
- Microcytic anemia
- Required for assembling hemoglobin
19
Q
Vitamin B12
A
- Macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia
- treats neuropathy due to B12 deficiency
-needed for DNA synthesis
20
Q
Erythropoietin
A
-For Kidney problems after chemotherapy
-Promotes RBC formation
=growth factor for RBCs
21
Q
Glucagon
A
-Peptide released by alpha cells of pancreas
- Hunger signal
- promotes gluconeogenesis
- **Antidote to treat overdose of beta blockers
22
Q
Insulin
A
-peptide released by beta cells of pancreas
- promotes transport of nutrients into cells
- promotes growth
23
Q
Growth Hormone
A
- promotes growth
- prevents protein degradation
24
Q
Leptin
A
-Satiety signal
(leptin deficient mice are obese)
-No success in human trials
-Released by adipocytes
25
Parathyroid Hormone
- increases Serum Ca2+ levels
- Lowers serum phosphate levels
-Secreted by parathyroid glands
26
Calcitonin
- Decreases both serum Ca2+ and Phosphate levels
- stimulates osteoblasts
-secreted by parafollicular cells of thyroid
27
Vitamin D
- Increases absorption of Ca2+ and Phosphate
| - Steroid hormone, fat soluble vitamin
28
Vitamin K
-Deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding time
(inability to clot)
-Involved in activation of blood clotting factors
29
Heparin (****parin)
=Anticoagulant
-Activates Anti-thrombin
30
Aspirin
- Prolongs bleeding time
- treats fever, pain, and inflammation
- Irreversible Cox 1 & 2 inhibitor
- fewer prostaglandins made
31
Warfarin
=coumadin
- Anticoagulant
- Vitamin K antagonist
32
Clopidogrel
=Plavix
- Anticoagulant
- Irreversible inhibitor of ADP receptors on platelets
33
Acetominophen
-Pain reliever & fever reducer
- Inhibits Cox 1 & 2
- fewer prostaglandins made
- CNS preference
34
Ibuprofen
-pain reliever, reduce fever, & anti-inflammatory
- Inhibits COX
- NSAID
- Fewer prostaglandins made
35
Indomethacin
-pain reliever, reduce fever, & anti-inflammatory
- NSAID
- Inhibits COX
- Fewer prostaglandins produced
36
Codeine
- Narcotic pain reliever
| - works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)
37
Morphine
- Narcotic pain reliever
| - works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)
38
Heroin
- Narcotic pain reliever, addictive
| - works via µ, delta, gamma receptors (inhibitory)
39
Loperamide
=Imodium
-Common anti=diarrheal drug
- Slows down peristalsis (opioid)
- stays in GI tract
40
Naloxone
- Treat opioid overdose
| - Opioid antagonist
41
Metformin
-Type 2 diabetes
- Insulin sensitizer
- main target: Liver
42
Sulfonyl ureas
-Diabetes
- Close K+ channels in B cells of pancreas
- depolarize and release more insulin
43
Acarbose
- Type 2 diabetes
| - inhibits amylase in GI tract = reduced carb absorption
44
Statins (****statin)
-Lowers cholesterol
- Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
- inhibits cholesterol synthesis
45
Orlistat (Alli)
-weight loss
- inhibits intestinal lipase
- decrease lipid absorption in GI tract
46
Fibrates
- Decrease plasma lipid levels
| - Activates lipoprotein lipase
47
Ezetimibe
- treats hyperlipidemia
| - Prevents cholesterol absorption in intestine
48
Niacin
- treats hyperlipidemia
| - inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase
49
Probucol
-treats hyperlipidemia
| -prevents oxidation of LDL
poorly understood
50
Omeprazole
=Prilosec
- Decrease acid secretion
- Irreversible Proton pump inhibitor
51
Climetidine (--tidine)
- Decrease acid secretion
| - H2 blocker
52
Misoprostol
-Treat adverse GI effects of NSAIDs
- PGE2 analog
- decreases acid secretion
- promotes mucous secretion
53
Disulfram
-Treats alcololism
- inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
- acetaldehyde accumulations promote nausea and vomiting
54
Raloxifene
-Treats osteoporosis
- estrogen agonist in bone, antagonist in breast
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
55
Ibandronate (--dronate)
- treats osteoporosis
| - Decrease osteoclast activity
56
Bethanechol
- Treats urinary retention
| - Cholinergic Agonist
57
Carbachol
- Treats glaucoma
- constrict pupil during surgery
-Cholinergic agonist
58
Pilocarpine
- treats glaucoma
- Dry mouth (Sjogren's Syndrome)
-Muscarinic agonist
59
Edrophonium
- Used to test for myastenia gravis
- short half life (minutes)
-Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
60
Neostigmine
-Treats myasthenia gravis
- Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
* *works peripherally
61
Pyridostigmine
- treats myasthenia gravis
| - Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor
62
Physostigmine
- enters CNS
- Treats Atropine overdose
-Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
63
Donepezil
- treats alzheimers
| - acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitor
64
Atropine
- treats organophosphate poisoning
- decreases secretions during surgery
-Muscarinic blocker, enters CNS
65
Scopalamine
- Prevents motion sickness
| - muscarinic blocker, enters CNS
66
Ipratropium
- Treats COPD & Asthma
| - muscarinic blocker, prefers lungs
67
Glycopyrrolate
- decreases secretions in surgery
- given with neostigmine when waking pt up from surgery (prevents bradycardia)
- Muscarinic blocker
* *does not cross blood-brain barrier
68
Pralidoxime (PAM)
- antidote to organophosphates/nerve gas
| - recovers acetylcholine esterase activity if given early enough
69
Organophosphates
- used in insectisides & nerve gas
| - irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase
70
Sarin
- used in nerve gas
| - irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase
71
Echothiophate
- Treats glaucoma
| - Irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
72
Succinylcholine
- relax muscles during surgery
| - depolarizing NMJ blocker
73
Curare
-non depolarizing NMJ blocker
74
Gallamine
- muscle relaxant
| - non-depolarizing NMJ blocker
75
Botulinum Toxin
- Cosmetic use
- focal dystonias
- strabismus
-Cleaves SNAP-25, inhibit vesicular release of ACh
76
Dantroline
- treat malignant hyperthermia
| - inhibits Ca release from SR
77
Isoproterenol
- CHF & other heart problems
| - nonselective beta agonist
78
Dopamine
=intropin
-preserve renal blood flow but increase CO
-Dose dependent
Low = D1
Moderate = B1
High = a1
79
Epinephrine
-all alpha and Beta receptors
80
Norepinephrine
- all alpha receptors
| - only B1 receptor
81
Phenylephrine
- emergency anti-hypotensive
| - alpha-1 agonist
82
Terazosin
- treats hypertension
| - alpha-1 blocker
83
Phenoxybenzamine
- treats pheochromocytoma
| - irreversible alpha-1 blocker
84
Tamsulosin
- treats BPH
| - alpha-1 blocker
85
Clonidine
- emergency anti-hypertensive
| - alpha-2 agonist
86
alpha-methyldopa
-anti-hypertensive for pregnancy
- prodrug
- alpha-2 agonist
87
Yohimbine
- treats erectile dysfunction??
- no, i don't think so
-alpha-2 blocker
88
Dobutamine
- treats heart failure
| - beta-1 agonist
89
Propanolol
- treat heart arrhythmias & hypertension
| - Nonselective beta blocker
90
Labetalol
- anti-hypertensive
| - alpha 1 and Beta blocker
91
Carvedilol
- Anti-hypertensive
| - alpha 1 & Beta blocker
92
Albuterol
***terol
- Asthma/COPD
- Beta 2 agonist
93
Ritodrine
- premature uterine contractions
| - B2 agonist
94
Theophylline
- Bronchodilator
- Inhibits cAMP PDE in lungs
**LOW therapeutic index
95
Tyramine
- rich in wines & Cheese
- precursor to NE
- Contraindicated in patients taking MAO-I's
96
Ephedrine
- treats hypotension (anesthesia)
| - indirect adrenergic agonist
97
Amphetamine
- Concentration = Adderall
| - increase release of DA from VTA neurons
98
Methylphenidate
=Ritalin
99
COMT inhibitor
- treats parkinson's
- increases catecholamines
- inhibits COMT
100
MAO Inhibitor
- treats parkinson's
- increases catecholamines (Dopamine)
- inhibits MAO
101
Cocaine
- drug of abuse
| - inhibits reuptake of DA, 5-HT, and NE
102
Tricyclics
- anti-depressants
| - inhibits reuptake of NE and 5-HT
103
SSRI's
Anti-dipressants
- inhibits reuptake of 5-HT
* adrenergic side effects
104
Diazepam
****zepam
- anti-anxiety
- Increase Cl- current
105
Lidocaine
****caine
- Local anesthetic
- blocks Na channels
106
Histamine
-local vasodilator
107
Diphenhydramine
=benadryl
- Treats allergies
- H1 blocker
108
Cimetidine
****tidine
- Reduce acid secretion
- H2 blocker
109
Adenosine
-Local vasodilator
**half life of seconds
110
Endothelin
- constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure
| - Synergistic with RAAAs pathway
111
Nifedipine
- *******dipine
- Anti-hypertensive
- Blocks Calcium channels (more so in vasculature than cardiac)
112
Verapamil
- anti-hypertensive
| - blocks calcium channels (more so in cardiac than vasculature)
113
Hydralazine
-HTN & heart failure
Arterial vasodilator
-opens K+ channels
114
Minoxidil
- topical for hair growth
- Atrial vasodilator
- opens K+ channels
115
Digitalis/Digoxin
-Inotrope for heart failure
- inhibits Na/K pump, increasing cytosolic Ca levels
- increases contractility & CO
116
Milrinone
****none
- Treats hearth failure
- cAMP PDE inhibitor
117
Sildenafil
****afil (viagra)
-cGMP PDE5 inhibitor
118
Aldosterone
-retain Na+
119
Spiranolactone
- K+ Sparing diuretic
| - aldosterone antagonist
120
ADH
-retains water
121
Renin
- activates RAAAs pathway
| - peptide hormone
122
Aliskiren
- Anti-hypertensive
| - inhibits Renin
123
Angiotensin II
- Raise BP
| - RAAAs pathway
124
Bradykinin
- vasodilator, lowers BP
| - Antagonistic to RAAs
125
ANF/ANP
- diuretic
| - antagonistic to RAAs
126
Furosemide
=Lasix
- Treats edema & CHF
- Loop Diuretic
127
Chlorothiazide
- Treats hypertension
| - Thiazide diuretic, works in DCT
128
Lisinopril
*****pril
- Treats hypertension
- ACE inhibitor
129
Losartan
****sartan
- Treats hypertension
- ARB = Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
