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Midterms > DRUG LIST > Flashcards

DRUG LIST Flashcards

(119 cards)

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1
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A
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2
Q

Neostigmine

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3
Q

Physostigmine

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4
Q

Pyridostigmine

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- [Used in]: myasthenia gravis

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5
Q

Edrophonium

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6
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Malathion/ Parathion

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7
Q

Succinylcholine

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8
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Pancuronium

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9
Q

Acetylcholine

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- [Used in]: NOT used CLINICALLY* (very short 1/2 life)

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10
Q

Pilocarpine

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11
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Methacholine

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12
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Bethanechol

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13
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Atropine

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14
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Amphetamine

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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine

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  • Like Ephedrine
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16
Q

Cocaine

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17
Q

Imipramine

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18
Q

Iproniazid

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19
Q

Epinephrine

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20
Q

Norepinephrine

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21
Q

Oxymetazoline

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- [Used in]: Nasal decongestant (Vicks), Ocular hyperaemia (eye redness) (Visine)

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22
Q

Phenylephrine

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23
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Clonidine

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24
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

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25
Phentolamine
- [Function]: alpha 1 and 2 Antagonist {reversible, competitive antagonist} - [Used in]:Manages hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma (diagnosis), prevention of dermal necrosis, treatment for a MAOI's and tyramine interaction, cocaine and clonidine overdose
26
Prazosin
- [Function]: alpha 1 Antagonist - [Used in]: Hypertension and begin prostatic hyperplasia - [Side effects]: Postural orthostatic/ hypotension related to 1st dose phenomena
27
Tamsulosin | Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
- [Function]: alpha 1 Antagonist - [Used in]: benign prostatic hyperplasia, (selective for genitourinary smooth muscles receptor subtype alpha 1a) - [Side effects]: Less postural/ orthostatic hypertension
28
Dobutamine
- [Function]: beta 1 agonist (short 1/2 life COMT) - [Used in]: increases contractility and cardiac output but NOT HEART RATE, ACUTE management of heart failure, cardiogenic shock
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Albuterol
- [Function]: beta 2 agonist | - [Used in]: Asthma reliever (rapid, 15 min action) short duration
30
Propranolol
- [Function]: non selective beta blockers - [Used in]: hypertension and angina, migraine, hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation, MI, anxiety, essential tremor, bronchoconstriction - [Side effect]: sedation, bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, masks the tachycardia from hypoglycaemia, increase lipids
31
Atenolol
- [Function]: selective beta 1 blocker (long term) - [Used in]: hypertension and angina, reduces blood volume (lower renin), MI, reduces CV motility {useful in diabetic hypertensive} - [side effects]: sedation and dyspnea
32
Pindolol
- [Function]: partial beta 1 agonist (ISA) | - [Used in]: patients with bradycardia or low cardiac reserve and hypertension
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Carbachol
- [Function]: Both nicotinic and muscarinic agonist | - [Used in]: decrease pressure during cataract surgery
34
Muscarine
-[Function]: Muscarinic agonist
35
Arecoline
-[Function]: Muscarinic and nicotinic agonist
36
Nicotine
- [Function]: stimulates parasympathetics (GI and urinary tract) and sympathetics (CV), salivary and bronchial secretions - [By]: (low-> ganglionic stimulation) (high-> blockage of ganglionic and neuromuscular) prolonging depolarization - [Side Effects]: nausea, salivation, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cold sweat, mental confusion, and weakness, low BP, paralysis and respiratory failure - [Used In]: smoking cessation therapy
37
Carbamates
-[Function]: Irreversible anticholinesterases
38
Organophosphates--> ex: Echothiophate
- [Function]: Irreversible anticholinesterases - [By]: phosphorylate the enzyme (aging), long lasting - [Side effect]: extremely toxic - [used in]: Glaucoma
39
Tabun/ Sarin/ Soman
- [Function]: Synthetic toxic agents (nerve agents)
40
Donepezil/ Rivastigmine/ Galantamine
- [Function]: AChE inhibitors | - [Used in]: Alzheimer Disease
41
Pralidoxime
- [Function]: reactivator of AChE | - [By]: splitting phosphorous enzyme bond
42
Scopolamine
- [Function]: | - [Used in]; preventing of motion sickness, anaesthetic procedures
43
Ipratropium/ Tiotropium
- [Function]: Muscarinic antagonists | - [Used in]: COPD, Asthma
44
Homatropine/Cyclopentolate/ Tropicamide
-[Function]:Muscarinic antagonists
45
Benzthropine/Trihexyphenidyl
- [Function]:Muscarinic antagonists | - [Used in]: Parkinson's disease, side effects of antipsychotic
46
Glycopyrrolate
- [Function]: Antimuscarinic | - [Used in]: inhibits GI motility, prevent bradycardia
47
Tolterodine
- [Function]: Antimuscarinic | - [used in]: overactive bladder
48
Hexamethonium/mecamylamine/trimethaprim
- [Function]: Antinicotinic | - [Used in]: hypertension (not anymore)
49
Tubocurarine
- [Function]: Competitive nicotinic antagonists - [By]: nondepolarizing - [Used in]: relaxes skeletal muscle during surgery
50
Hemicholinium-3
- [Function]: prevents uptake of choline required for ACh synthesis - [By]: Blocks the CHT
51
Vesamicol
- [Function]: preventing the storage of ACh | - [By]: blocks the ACh-H+ anti port (VAchT)
52
Dopamine
- [Function]: agonist for D1>b1>a1 - [Effect]: low rate = vasodilation in kidney, intermediate = increase cardiac output and NE release, High = vasoconstriction sure to a1 activation - [Used in]: CHF, Cariogenic and septic shock
53
Isoproterenol
- [Function]: agonist for b1 and b2 | - [Effect]: increase heart rate and decreases peripheral resistance, bronchodilation
54
Salmeterol/ Formoterol
-[Function]: agonist for b2 (long-acting, 12hr)
55
Methyldopa
- [Function]: agonist for alpha 2 - [Effect]: decrease blood pressure - [Used In]: hypertension during pregnancy - [Side Effects]: sedation, impaired mental concentration, xerostomia
56
Brimonidine
- [Function]: Heavy selective alpha 2 agonist | - [Used In]: glaucoma (decrease production)
57
Methylphenidate
- [Function]: Causes release of norepinephrine | - [Used In]: ADHD
58
Atomoxetine
- [Function]: selective inhibitor of the NE reuptake transporter - [Used In]: ADHD
59
Modafinil
- [Function]: not fully known / inhibits NE and DOP transporters - [Effect]: increase NE, DOP, Serotonin, gulatmine but decrease GABA - [Used In]: narcolepsy
60
Ephedrine
- [Function]: Stimulates alpha and beta and releases NE (goes through the CNS) - [Used In]: nasal decongest, myasthenia graves, asthma
61
Yohimbine
- [Function]: alpha 2 antagonist | - [Used In]: treat erectile dysfunction (used to, replaced by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors)
62
Nadolol
- [Function]: nonselective beta antagonist (long duration) | - [Used In]: angina, hypertension
63
Timolol
- [Function]: nonselective beta antagonist | - [Used In]: Glaucoma, hypertension, migraine
64
Esmolol
- [Function]: beta 1 antagonist (ultra short = 1/2 life 10 mins) - [Used In]: arrhythmias, thyrotoxicosis, hypertension, MI
65
Labetalol
- [Function]: alpha 1 and nonselective beta competitive antagonist (7x more potent for beta) - [Used In]: hypertension
66
Carvedilol
- [Function]: alpha 1 and nonselective beta competitive antagonist (more potent in beta), antioxidant properties - [Used In]: hypertension, CHF
67
alpha-Methyltyrosine (Metyrosine)
- [Function]: competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (can't make DOPA) - [Used In]: malignant/preoperative pheochromocytoma
68
Reserpine
- [Function]: irreversibly blocks VMAT/ cannot store NE and DOP - [Effect]: decrease in blood pressure and slowing cardiac rate - [Used In]: hypertension
69
Tetrabenazine
- [Function]: reversible inhibitor of VMAT | - [Used In]: Huntington's Disease
70
Cromolyn and necocromil
Reduce immunological mast cell degranulation Histamine antagonist (release inhibitors)
71
Sumatriptan
5HT 1d/1b receptor agonist First line for acute severe migraine attacks (not prophylaxis)
72
Cimetidine
H2 receptor antagonist Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion by competitively blocking h2 receptor . Used for GERD, peptic ulcers and acute stress ulcers If given IV or at high doses can get central effects like confusion and hallucination. Inhibitor of p450 and also can block androgen receptors **
73
Metoclopramide
5 HT4 receptor agonists Results in coordinated contracting to enhance transit for poo poo (pro kinetic) Increases peristalsis
74
Cisapride
Prokinetic (helps with peristalsis) 5-HT4 receptor agonist Toxicity...serious cardiac adverse effects.
75
Cyproheptadine
Potent H1 blocking. 5HT2 receptor antagonist Uses - allergic rhinitis , vasomotor rhinitis, management of serotonin syndrome
76
Ondansetron
5 HT3 receptor (Ion channel) antagonist in vomiting center Most powerful anti emetic drug Particularly used for nausea and vomiting that happens with chemotherapy
77
Ergot alkaloids (ergotamine or dihydroergotamine)
Affects alpha adrenoceptors, 5HT receptors and CNS dopamine receptors Uses- migraine (not first line but cheap), hyperprolactinemia (Bromocriptine and carbergoline = decrease prolactin) Diagnosis of Variant Angina (Ergonovine)
78
Bromocriptine and cabergoline
Exampl of ergot alkaloids Uses - hyperprolactinema (block release from pit tumors)
79
H1 antagonist list
First generation - chlorpheniramine, cyclizine, diphenhydramine(benedryl), dimenhydrinate, hydroxyzine, meclizine, promethazine Uses - allergic conditions(allergic rhinitis And urticaria), motion sickness from its anti muscarinic effects, somnifacients (insomnia) Second generation - fexofenadine, loratadine, cetirizine
80
Terfenadine or astemizole
H1 antagonist but caused ventricular arrhythmia if person was on something that inhibited CYP3A4 -block cardiac K+ channels that repolarize the cell for AP
81
Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
H2 receptor antagonist | Uses - inhibitors of gastric acid secretion via competitive blocking . Peptic ulcers, acute stress ulcer, GERD
82
Cimetidine
h2 receptor antagonist - inhibits cytochrome p450 and also bunds to androgen receptors causing antiadrongergic effects (gynecomastia, reduced sperm count in men. In women get galactorhea)
83
Ergonovine or methyergonovine (ergot alkaloid)
Used if oxytocin doesn't work for postpartum hemorrhage
84
Ergonovine
Provokes coronary artery spasm in patients with variant angina. Diagnosis for variant angina -also used if Oxytocin doesn't work for postpartum hemorrhage
85
Dinoprestone
PGE2 ripen the cervix at or near term
86
Misoprostol
pGE1 ripen the cervix near or at term
87
Carboprost tromethamine (15-methyl-PGF2alpha) and misoprostol
Management of postpartum hemorrhage (eicosanoid)
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Dinoprostone and carboprost tromethamine
Used as abortifacients (eicosnaoid)
89
Misoprostol in combo with mifepristone or methotrexate
Eicosanoid -management of postpartum hemorrhage on its own Combo - abortifacient
90
Alprostadil
PGE1 used to maintain latency of ductus arteriosus (eicosanoid)
91
Epoprostenol
PGI2 used in severe pulmonary hypertension and to prevent platelet aggregation in dialysis machines (eicosanoid)
92
Misoprostol
Gastric cytoprotection | -prevention of peptic ulcers in patients taking high dose of NSAIDS
93
Alprostadil
PGE1 used for impotence (eicosanoid)
94
Latanoprost
PGF2alpha derivative. Used for glaucoma
95
Zileuton
Inhibition of 5 lypoxygenase (actually inhibits the enzyme)
96
Zafirlukast and mintelukast
Inhibition of the binding of LtD4 to its receptor in target tissues
97
Glucocorticoids
Inhibit PLA2, blocking the release of arachidonic acid. Inhibits synthesis of cox-2 as well
98
NSAIDS
Antipyretic,analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Act primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenases
99
Histamine
- [Function]: H1 -4 agonist - [Effect]: Vasodilation, increase contractility and heart rate (H2), increase capillary permeability (H1), GI track contraction (H1), Bronchoconstriction (H1) , mediating pain (H1), gastric acid secretion (H2) - [used in]: nothing medically
100
H 1 receptor antagonists (First gen- non specific)
- Chlorpheniramine - Cyclizing - Diphenhydramine - Dimenhydrinate - Hydroxyzine - Meclizine - Promethazine -[used in]: Allergic conditions, motion sickness and nausea, insomnia,
101
H 1 receptor antagonists (second gen)
- Fexofenadine - Loratadine - Cetirizine
102
H2 receptor antagonists
- Cimetidine - Ranitidine - Famotidine - Nizatidine
103
LTC4 and LTD4
-[Function]: potent bronchoconstrictors (in asthma and anaphylaxis)
104
Dinoprostone (PGE2) and Misoprostol (PGE1 analog)
-[Used for]: Ripen the cervix at or near term
105
Carboprost tromethamine (15-methyl-PGF2alpha) and Misoprostol
-[Used for]: management of postpartum hemorrhage
106
Dinoprostone and Carboprost Tromethamine
-[Used for]: abortifacients
107
Alprostadil (PGE1)
-[Used for]: maintain potency of the ductus arterioles, impotence
108
Epoprostenol (PGI2)
-[Used for]: prevent platelet aggregation and severe pulmonary hypertension
109
Misoprostol
-[Used for]: prevention of peptic ulcers in patients taking high dose of NSAIDs, management of postpartum hemorrhage
110
Latanoprost (PGF2alpha)
-[Used for]: used for glaucoma
111
Zileuton
-[Function]: inhibition of 5-lypoxygenase
112
Zafirlukast, Montelukast
-[Function]: inhibition of the binding of LTD4 to its receptor in target tissues
113
Glucocorticoids
-[Function]: inhibit PLA2--> no release of arachidonic acid, inhibits synthesis of COX-2
114
NSAIDs
-[Function]: inhibiting COX 1 and 2
115
Furosemide (t1/2= 2-4 hr)
- [Function]: Loop Diuretics/ removing Na+ and Cl- from body (action on the triple cotranporter {NKCC2}) - [Used for]: Hypertension, edema - [effect]: increase Ca, Mg excretion, decrease renal vascular resistance, increase renal blood flow, increase prostaglandin synthesis - [side effect]: K+ depletion, hypomagnesemia, allergic reactions, hyperuricemia,
116
Hydrochlorothiazide (t1/2= 40hr), Chlorthalidone (t1/2= 40-60 hr), Metolazone (most potent)
- [Function]: Thiazides/ action on the NCCT co-transporter - [Used for]: Hypertension, heart failure, hypercalciuria, Diabetes insidious, premenstrual edema - [effect]: increase Cl, Na, K, Mg excretion, decrease Ca exrection, lost term = decreased peripheral vascular resistance - [side effect]: K+ depletion, hyponatremia, allergic reactions, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypersensitivity
117
Spironolactone (active metabolit) , Eplerenone
- [Function]: aldosterone antagonists/ bad reabourntion of Na thus K is not excreted - [Used for]: Heart failure, hypertension, primary hyperaldoseronism, Edema - [side effect]: peptic ulcers, hyperkalmia, nausea, mental confusion, endocrine effects (only on Spiro)
118
Amiloride, Triamterene
- [Function]: blocks NA+ transport (K+ sparing) | - [side effect]: hyperkalmia, hypnatremia, leg cramps, GI upset, Headache, dizziness
119
Acetazolamide
- [Function]: blocks carbonic anhydrase | - [used in]: Glaucoma, Epilepsy

Midterms (4 decks)

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