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Pharmacology 100 > Drug Misuse and Addiction > Flashcards

Drug Misuse and Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Tolerance is best defined as what?
A) A state in which repeated administration of a given dose of drug has progressively lowered pharmacological response
B) Emotional and mental preoccupation with a drug’s effects and the craving for the drug
C) An abnormal state produced by repeated administration of a drug that leads to the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome
D) The pleasurable effects produced by a drug reinforcing its use

A

A) A state in which repeated administration of a given dose of drug has progressively lowered pharmacological response

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2
Q

Which class of drug is thought to result in addiction but not withdrawal?
A) Ethanol
B) Opiates
C) Hallucinogens
D) Cannabis

A

C) Hallucinogens

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3
Q

In terms of amphetamine stimulation the CNS in CNS excitation, what effects present themselves in the person who took them?

A

~increased alertness
~feeling of power
~reduced fatigue
~increased responsiveness
~increased heart rate and blood pressure

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4
Q

Administration of amphetamines will result in which one of these physiological effects?
A) Diminished activity and performance
B) Decreased respiration
C) Hypothermia
D) Insomnia

A

D) Insomnia

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cocaine?
A) Inhibit reuptake of acetylcholine into the presynaptic neuron
B) Reduce CNS excitation through dopamine
C) An increase of dopamine and serotonin in the synaptic cleft
D) Accelerate the removal of GABA from the synaptic cleft

A

C) An increase of dopamine and serotonin in the synaptic cleft

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6
Q

Nicotine in cigarette smoke is:
A) Responsible for the increased risk of developing lung cancer as a result of encouraged usage due to addiction
B) A key factor is the misuse potential of cigarettes
C) Not a concern with respect to SUD’s
D) Solely responsible for cardiovascular disease
E) A and B

A

E) A and B

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7
Q

The mechanism of action of caffeine is best described as:
A) Releases neurotransmitters from the sympathetic nerve ending
B) Inhibits the reuptake of dopamine
C) Blocks adenosine receptors

A

C) Blocks adenosine receptors

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8
Q

Which performance enhancing drug is matched to its use?
A) Amphetamines are used by athletes to increase muscle mass
B) Anabolic steroids do not improve performance in gymnastics
C) Growth hormones are often used by athletes to improve critical judgement
D) Diuretics can be used to reduce body water, thus reducing body weight

A

D) Diuretics can be used to reduce body water, thus reducing body weight

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9
Q

What are amphetamines used for in sports in terms of performance enhancing?
A) Decreases aggressive behaviour during competition
B) Increases muscle mass and weight gain
C) Decreases mental acuity
D) Masks pain and fatigue

A

D) Masks pain and fatigue

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10
Q

List some of the criteria that define a substance use disorder (SUD).

A

~Social Impairment
~Risky Use
~Impaired Control
~Withdrawal
~Tolerance

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11
Q

Addiction can only occur with drugs, and it is a myth that someone can become addicted to things like food, sex, or gambling.
A) True
B) False

A

B) False

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12
Q

The 2 main components of the Dopamine Hypothesis that explain addiction are:

A) Effects on reward systems and dopamine increases
B) Effects on reward systems and serotonin increases
C) Both A and B
D) Effects on reward systems and norepinephrine

A

A) Effects on reward systems and dopamine increases

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13
Q

Fear of withdrawal is not a factor that contributes to the continuing of the drug-taking behavior.
A) True
B) False

A

B) False

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14
Q

Withdrawal symptoms are usually opposite to the effects of the drugs.
A) True
B) False

A

A) True

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15
Q

What are some of the common withdrawal symptoms of opiates like heroin, morphine, and oxycodone?

A

Sweating
Muscle aches
Agitation
Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping
Vomiting

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16
Q

Can drug tolerance become reversible upon cessation of use of that particular drug?
A) Yes
B) No

A

A) Yes

17
Q

If a person has a built up tolerance to some of the effects of ethanol (alcohol), a CNS depressant, what other CNS depressant would they have a cross-tolerance to?
A) Benzodiazepines
B) Barbiturates
C) Clozapine
D) Antidepressants

A

A) Benzodiazepines

18
Q

What age groups are primarily associated with the highest risk of developing SUD’s?
A) adolescents and those in early adulthood
B) young adults and the severely elderly
C) young children and the severely elderly

A

A) adolescents and those in early adulthood

19
Q

What age does smoking usually begin before?
A) age 12
B) age 15
C) age 18
D) age 22

A

C) age 18

20
Q

Between what ages does illicit drug use usually begin?
A) 12-16
B) 22-31
C) 15-18
D) 32-40

A

C) 15-18

21
Q

What are the 5 factors of drug misuse?

A

Nature of the Drug
Route of administration
Amount/frequency of use
Availability
Inherent harmfulness

22
Q

amphetamines are not controlled substances in Canada.
A) true
B) false

A

B) false

23
Q

Which neurotransmitters are structurally similar to the synthetic amphetamine related organic compounds?
A) Norepinephrine and Serotonin
B) Ephedrine and Dopamine
C) Norepinephrine and Dopamine
D) Dopamine and Ephedrine

A

C) Norepinephrine and Dopamine

24
Q

What do these four main effects within the CNS represent in terms of drug use?
1. Decreased threshold for transmitting sensory input to the cerebral cortex, leading to CNS excitation
2. A feeing of euphoria and reward
3. Temperature-regulation and feeding center modifications leading to appetite suppression
4. Increase in aggressive behavior and mood swings

A) Cannabis use
B) Benzodiazepine use
C) Amphetamine use
D) papaver somniferum use

A

C) Amphetamine use

25
Q

What is a therapeutic use for amphetamines?
A) to treat Narcolepsy
B) to treat diarrhea
C) to treat ADHD
D) Both A and C

A

D) Both A and C

26
Q

Which drug is associated with its local anesthetic properties and general CNS stimulating effects?
A) Methamphetamine
B) Methylphenidate
C) Cocaine
D) Cannabis

A

C) Cocaine

27
Q

What active metabolite is created through the interaction of alcohol and cocaine?
A) dehydrogenase
B) cannabinoid
C) there is no negative interaction
D) Cocaethylene

A

D) Cocaethylene

28
Q

More people die of _________ use than from traffic accidents, alcohol misuse, murder, and suicide combined, making it the leading cause of preventable disease and death in Canada.
A) Tobacco use
B) Amphetamine use
C) Opioid use
D) Cannabis use

A

A) Tobacco use

29
Q

What is the half life of nicotine?
A) 4 hours
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 10 hours

A

C) 2 hours

30
Q

Activation of the nicotinic receptors increases psychomotor activity, cognitive function, attention, and memory. In large doses, nicotine can cause agitation, tremors, and seizures.
A) True
B) False

A

A) True

31
Q

What amount of increased risk is apparent to a fetus for prematurely or underweight birth as a result of smoking prenatally?
A) x3
B) x2
C) x8
D) x10

A

A) x3

32
Q

What is the level of nicotine most smokers aim to maintain in their blood everyday?
A) 10-20 nanograms/ml
B)100-200 nanograms/ml
C) 30-40 nanograms/ml
D) 70-80 nanograms/ml

A

C) 30-40 nanograms/ml

33
Q

Hoe much caffeine does the average cup of coffee contain?
A) 100mg
B) 800mg
C) 200mg
D) 50mg

A

A) 100mg

34
Q

The half life of caffeine does not vary in individuals and is static in all consumers.
A) True
B) False

A

B) False

35
Q

Is caffeine a CNS stimulant or depressant?
A) stimulant
B) depressant

A

A) stimulant

36
Q

Cigarette smoke slows down the metabolism of caffeine.
A) True
B) False

A

B) False
** It actually increases the metabolism of caffeine.

37
Q

Metabolism of caffeine is slower in pregnant people, extending the duration of action. It remains in the body 2x longer in the 2nd trimester and 3x longer in the third trimester.
A) True
B) False

A

A) True

38
Q

What effects do amphetamines have on athletes?
A) increased speed
B) increased endurance
C) promotion of weight loss through appetite suppression
D) all of the above

A

D) all of the above

Pharmacology 100 (6 decks)

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