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Aa BCEHS > Drug Monographs > Flashcards

Drug Monographs Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Acetaminophen: Brand Names

A

Albenol
Actimol
Atasol
Tylenol

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2
Q

Acetaminophen: Indications

A

Mild to moderate pain
Severe pain in multimodal approach
Symptomatic pyrexia
- Greater than 38C
- Myalgias, chills, rigors
- Children: 38C, fussiness, irritability, inability to soothe

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3
Q

Acetaminophen: Contradindications

A

Have you ever had a reaction to acetaminophen (Tylenol)?
Do you take it daily?
Do you have any medical conditions with your liver or kidneys? Such as reduced function.
How much have you taken today or in past 24 hours?
Is the patient overdosing? (vomiting, nauseated or URQ pain)

HHOLI:
H - Hypersensitivity
H - Hepatic impairment
O - Overdose
L - Liver disease
I - Intake in last 4 hours or daily max

  • Hypersensitivity to Acetaminophen or any component of the formulation
  • Severe hepatic impairment or severe active liver disease
  • Acetaminophen given in past 4 hours or total in 24 hours exceeds daily maximum
  • Suspected overdose indicated by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting or upper right quadrant pain
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4
Q

Acetaminophen: Adult Dosage PO

A

PO
- 500-1000mg
- Repeat: once after 4 hours
- 24-hour maximum: 4 g
- Decrease 24 max to 2g: Known liver dysfunction (such as advanced chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, heavy alcohol use) or malnutrition.

  • May be used concurrently with ibuprofen for analgesia
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5
Q

Acetaminophen: Pediatric Dosage

A

PO
- 15 mg/kg use liquid: 80 mg/mL
- May repeat once after 4 hours

IV
- Age 12-17
- >50kg
- 1000mg IV q6h PRN
- NOT AUTHORIZED: <12, <50kg

24 max: 75mg/kg or 4,000mg from all sources

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6
Q

Ibuprofen: Classification

A

Analgesic
Antipyretic
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory

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7
Q

Ibuprofen: Brand Names

A

Advil
Actiprofen
Motrin

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8
Q

Ibuprofen: Indication

A

Mild to moderate pain
Severe pain in a multimodal approach
Symptomatic pyrexia

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9
Q

Ibuprofen: Contraindications

A

Have you ever had a reaction to ibuprofen (Advil)? Or any other drug?
Do you have any problems with your kidneys?
Do you have any active GI bleeding (in stool or vomit)? Trauma or intracranial.
Are you pregnant?
Have you taken an anticoagulant?

  • Known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including aspirin)
  • Known or suspected renal dysfunction
  • Concern for severe active bleeding (trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, GI bleeding)
  • Pregnancy
  • Use of anticoagulant (eg. apixaban, rivaroxaban, warfarin, ibuprofen, celecoxib, naproxen)
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10
Q

Ibuprofen: Adult Dosing

A

300-400 mg PO

May repeat: Every 4-6 hours

Maximum daily dose: 1,200 mg/day

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11
Q

Ibuprofen: Pediatric Dosing

A

No EMR

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12
Q

Salbutamol: Indications

A

Bronchospasm

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13
Q

Salbutamol: Contraindications

A

Known hypersensitivity to salbutamol

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14
Q

Salbutamol: Adult Dosing

A

5 mg nebulized; repeat doses back to back as necessary

4 x 100 mcg via metered dose inhaler with spacer; repeat as required

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15
Q

Salbutamol: Pediatric Dosing

A

Via nebulizer
- < 1 year: 2.5 mg
- ≥ 1 year: 5 mg

Via metered dose inhaler
- < 10 kg: not indicated
- 10-20 kg: 5 x 100 mcg per course; may repeat up to 3 times
- > 20 kg: 10 x 100 mcg per course; may repeat up to 3 times

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16
Q

Methoxyflurane: Brand Name

A

Penthrox

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17
Q

Methoxyflurane (Penthrox): Indications

A

Self-administered relief from moderate to severe pain in conscious, hemodynamically stable patients

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18
Q

Methoxyflurane (Penthrox): Contraindications

A
  • Patients < 18 years of age
  • Pregnancy, intended pregnancy, or current breast-feeding
  • Inadequate patient understanding or lack of cooperation
  • Decreased level of consciousness or head injury
  • History of clinically significant renal impairment, e.g., reduced renal output
  • History of liver dysfunction following previous exposure to halogenated anesthetics
  • Current use of tetracycline antibiotics
  • Personal or genetic history of malignant hyperthermia
  • Muscular dystrophy
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19
Q

Methoxyflurane Mnemonic

A

CHECK A MAP

  • Cardiac instability or respiratory depression (hemodynamic stability)
  • Hypersensitivity (liver dysfunction from previous exposure)
  • Established diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia
  • Consciousness (i.e., altered level of consciousness, cooperating, understanding, injury)
  • Kidneys – signs of kidney failure or renal impairment
  • Age (Patient under 18)
  • Muscular dystrophy
    -Antibiotic (Current use of tetracycline antibiotics)
  • Pregnancy, trying or breastfeeding
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20
Q

Methoxyflurane (Penthrox): Adult dosage

A

3 mL self-administered via inhaler; may repeat after 20 minutes; maximum total volume 6 mL

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21
Q

Glucagon: Indications

A

Confirmed hypoglycemia where patient mentation is unable to safely support administration of oral glucose

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22
Q

Glucagon: Contraindications

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A
  • Intranasal glucagon is contraindicated in patients under 4 years of age
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Pheochromocytoma (tumour on adrenal gland)
  • Insulinoma (tumour in pancreas)
23
Q

Glucagon: Adult dosage

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 3 mg IN or 1 mg IM (choice will depend upon availability of product pending changeover)
  • If no clinical response within 15 minutes is seen following the first dose, consider administration of second 3 mg intranasal dose. CliniCall consultation is required prior to administration of second dose.
24
Q

Glucagon: Pediatric dosage

Study These Flashcards
A

Same as adults

25
Epinephrine: Indications
Anaphylaxis
26
Epinephrine: Contraindications
There are no absolute contraindications to EPINEPHrine use in life-threatening situations such as anaphylaxis
27
Epinephrine: Adult dosage
0.5 mg IM every 5 minutes Repeat up to 3 times
28
Epinephrine: Pediatric dosage
0.01 mg/kg IM to a maximum of 0.5 mg (0.5mg at 50kg or 110lbs) Repeat up to 3 times
29
Glucose: Indications
Known or suspected hypoglycemia in a conscious patient where there is no risk of aspiration or choking
30
Glucose: Contraindications
None
31
Glucose: Adult Dosage
15 g glucose PO (equivalent to one 38 g tube or 32 ml pouch) Repeat at 5 minutes as necessary; no limit
32
Glucose: Pediatric Dosage
15 g glucose, pediatrics may require a smaller dose depending on age Repeat at 5 minutes if necessary 30 g glucose max
33
Naloxone: Indications
Reversal of respiratory depression caused by suspected narcotic intoxication
34
Naloxone: Contraindications
Allergy or known hypersensitivity to naloxone Neonates
35
Naloxone: Adult dosage
Naloxone IM every 3 minutes as required First dose: 0.4 mg IM Second dose: 0.4 mg IM if required Third dose: 0.8 mg IM if required Fourth dose: 2 mg IM if required Maximum 4 doses: CliniCall consultation required prior to administration of further doses
36
Naloxone: Pediatric dosage
0.1 mg/kg to maximum of 2 mg per dose (2mg dose at 20 kg or 44 lbs) Repeat every 3 minutes Maximum 4 doses Higher dose for pediatric patients as they are unlikely to experience withdrawal
37
Nitroglycerin: Indications
Relief from chest pain suggestive of acute coronary syndrome
38
Nitroglycerin: Contraindications
BAE (Blood pressure, allergy, erectile dysfunction) Known allergy or hypersensitivity to nitroglycerin Use of Viagra (sildenafil) or Levitra (vardenafil) within the previous 24 hours Use of Cialis (tadalafil) within the previous 48 hours Severe anemia Restrictive pericarditis or pericardial tamponade Documented right sided acute myocardial infarction Hypotension or uncorrected hypovolemia Systolic blood pressure < 110 mmHg Heart Rate <50 or >150
39
Nitroglycerin: Adult dosage
0.4 mg SL every 3-5 minutes Verify systolic blood pressure prior to administering each dose; systolic blood pressure must be ≥ 110 mmHg and heart rate must be between 50 and 150 beats/minute
40
Nitroglycerin: Pediatric dosage
Not authorized for use in pediatrics
41
Nitrous Oxide (Entonox): Indications
Self-administered relief from moderate to severe pain
42
Nitrous Oxide (Entonox): Contraindications
mnemonic CDCPAIN: Ability to Comply Decompression sickness Altered level of Consciousness Pneumothorax Air embolism Inhalation injury Nitroglycerin use within five minutes
43
Nitrous Oxide (Entonox): Adult dosage
Self-administered to effect
44
Nitrous Oxide (Entonox): Pediatric dosage
Self-administered to effect
45
Acetylsalicylic Acid: Brand Names
Aspirin
46
Acetylsalicylic Acid: Indications
Chest pain or signs and symptoms consistent with cardiac ischemia
47
Acetylsalicylic Acid: Contraindication
BAAP (Bleeding, asthma, allergy, Pediatric) Hypersensitivity to ASA or drug components Patients who have experienced bronchospasm or other respiratory reaction precipitated by ASA or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Active or recent bleeding of any kind, including head injury or peptic ulcer disease Pediatric patients with signs and symptoms consistent with viral illnesses (due to Reye's Syndrome)
48
Acetylsalicylic Acid: Contraindication
BAAP (Bleeding, asthma, allergy, Pediatric) Hypersensitivity to ASA or drug components Patients who have experienced bronchospasm or other respiratory reaction precipitated by ASA or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Active or recent bleeding of any kind, including head injury or peptic ulcer disease Pediatric patients with signs and symptoms consistent with viral illnesses (due to Reye's Syndrome)
49
Acetylsalicylic Acid: Adult dosage
162 mg PO chewed and swallowed
50
Acetylsalicylic Acid: Pediatric dosage
CliniCall consultation required prior to pediatric administration. Chest pain in children is unlikely to be the result of ischemia; ASA is therefore not indicated unless there are rare, specific histories of disease.
51
Acetaminophen: Classification
Analgesic Antipyretic
52
Acetaminophen: Cautions
HHAM H - Hepatic impairment H - Hypovolemia A - Heacy alcohol use M - Chronic malnutrition
53
Acetaminophen: Adult Dosage IV
Oral administration preferred route Severe pain: IV route for rapid analgesia Weight & age dependent: >= 50kg 1000mg IV q6h PRN < 50kg NOT AUTHORIZED 24 hour max: 4,000mg Infuse: 1000mg/100mL undiluted over 15 minutes using standard 10gtts IV set. (66gtts/min)
54
Ibuprofen: Cautions
- Severe volume depletion - Active cardiac emergency (MI) - Anti-inflammatory within the last 6-12 hours (eg ibuprofen, celecoxib, naproxen)

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