Drug name and action

Question 1

name a bisphosphonate

Answer 1

alendronate

Question 2

action of alendronate

Answer 2

inhibits osteoclast action by inhibiting enzyme FPP synthase

Question 3

name a beta blocker

Answer 3

atenolol

Question 4

action of atenolol

Answer 4

binds to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting sympathetic stimulation

Question 5

name a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker

Answer 5

atracurium

Question 6

what is the class and action of atracurium

Answer 6

non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker. binds competitively with cholinergic receptor sites to antagonise ACh action

Question 7

name a thiazide diuretic

Answer 7

bendroflumethiazide

Question 8

what is the action of bendroflumethiazide

Answer 8

blocks Na+/Cl- symporter in the DCT, therefore inhibiting Na+ reabsorption, more Na+,Cl- and water excreted

Question 9

name a cephalosporin antibiotic

Answer 9

cefuroxime

Question 10

what is the class and action of the antibiotic cefuroxime

Answer 10

cephalosporin class. inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 11

name an NSAID

Answer 11

ibuprofen
diclofenac
CELECOXIB

Question 12

what is the class and action of celecoxib

Answer 12

NSAID. inhibits COX-2 (cyclooxygenase), inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 13

what type of antibiotic is chlorampenicol

Answer 13

one that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with substrate binding (bacteriostatic)

Question 14

name an antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis

Answer 14

chlorampenicol

Question 15

name an immunosuppressant

Answer 15

ciclosporin

Question 16

what is the action of ciclosporin

Answer 16

decreases lymphocyte function, binds to cytosolic protein inhibiting calcinuerin therefore there’s less infl cytokine production

Question 17

name a quinolone antibiotic

Answer 17

ciprofloxacin

Question 18

what is the class of ciprofloxacin and what is its action

Answer 18

quinolone antibiotic. inhibits DNA gyrase therefore preventing DNA replication

Question 19

name a combination antibiotic

Answer 19

co-amoxiclav

Question 20

what is the action of co-amoxiclav

Answer 20

clavulonic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, amoxicillin is a beta lactam so breaks down the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 21

name an opioid analgesic

Answer 21

morphine

DIAMORPHINE (heroin)

Question 22

what is the action of diamorphine

Answer 22

mu-opioid agonist, it acts on receptors in the CNS which produces an analgesic effect

Question 23

name an example of a LMW heparin (other than heparin)

Answer 23

dalteparin

Question 24

what is the action of dalteparin

Answer 24

inhibits the formation of factor Xa and thrombin

Question 25

name a beta adrenergic agonist

Answer 25

dobutamine

Question 26

what is the class and action of dobutamine

Answer 26

beta-adrenergic agonist. directly stimulated beta-1 receptors in the heart, increasing myocardial contractility and stroke volume

Question 27

name an alpha-1 selective alpha blocker

Answer 27

doxazosin

Question 28

what is the class and action of doxazosin

Answer 28

inhibits post-synaptic alpha1 adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle therefore causing peripheral vasodilation

Question 29

name an alpha and beta agonist

Answer 29

ephedrine

Question 30

what is the action of ephedrine

Answer 30

stimulates adrenergic receptors and increases NAd release and action

Question 31

name a macrolide antibiotic

Answer 31

erythromycin

Question 32

what is the action of erythromycin

Answer 32

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis - bacteriostatic

Question 33

name an oestrogen and what is its action

Answer 33

ethinylestradiol. interacts with oestrogen receptors in target cells

Question 34

name a loop diuretic

Answer 34

furosemide

Question 35

what is the action of furosemide

Answer 35

blocks the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in the loop of hence, inhibiting water reabsorption

Question 36

name a muscarinic antagonist

Answer 36

ipratropium

Question 37

what is the action of ipratropium

Answer 37

blocks muscarininc ACh receptors, reducing bronchoconstriction, promotes cGMP degradation

Question 38

name an antimotility agent

Answer 38

loperamide

Question 39

what is the action of loperamide

Answer 39

acts on mu-opioid receptors in the peripheral NS (not CNS), slows motility

Question 40

name an anti-hyperglycaemic

Answer 40

metformin

Question 41

what is the action of metformin

Answer 41

decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption, improves insulin sensitivity

Question 42

name a DMARD

Answer 42

methotrexate

Question 43

what is the action of methotrexate

Answer 43

in arthritis - inhibits purine metabolism (accumulation of adenosine leading to suppression of T cells). in cancer - inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase DHFR, which stops the conversion of dietary folate to FH4, therefore lack of FH4 prevents cellular replication

Question 44

name an anticholinergic

Answer 44

oxybutinin

Question 45

what is the class and action of oxybutinin

Answer 45

anticholinergic. antagonist of M1,2,3 muscarinic ACh receptors, decreases muscle spasms of the bladder

Question 46

what is the action of paracetamol

Answer 46

COX enzyme inhibition in the CNS directly

Question 47

name and ACE-inhibitor and what is its action

Answer 47

ramipril. inhibits ACE activity, therefore less angiotensin 2 produced, and less bradykinin breakdown, relaxation of arterial smooth muscle

Question 48

name a semisynthetic antibiotic

Answer 48

rifampicin

Question 49

what is the action of rifampicin

Answer 49

inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase enzyme - no RNA synthesis

Question 50

name an anticoagulant

Answer 50

rivaroxiban

Question 51

what is the action of rivaroxiban

Answer 51

competitive irreversible inhibition of factor Xa, prevents thrombin formation

Question 52

name a beta 2 agonist

Answer 52

salmeterol

Question 53

what is the action of salmetorl

Answer 53

beta 2 stimulation causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 54

name a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor

Answer 54

sildenafil

Question 55

what is the action of sildenafil

Answer 55

increases cGMP to cause smooth muscle relaxation - vasodilation

Question 56

name a paralytic

Answer 56

suxamethonium

Question 57

what is the action of suxamethonium

Answer 57

mimics ACh at NMJ, with slow hydrolysis- prolongs depolarisation = NM blockade

Question 58

name an alpha blocker

Answer 58

tamsulosin

Question 59

what is the action of tamsulosin

Answer 59

selective alpha-1 antagonist, causes relaxation in smooth muscle = less resistance to urinary flow = less pain in BPH

Question 60

what is the class and action of tramadol

Answer 60

opioid. agonist of mu-opioid receptors, serotonin and NAd reuptake inhibitor, enhances serotonin release