Drug profiles

Question 1

Acetylsalicylic acid class

Answer 1

-Platelet aggregator inhibitor
-Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Question 2

Acetylsalicylic acid brand name

Answer 2

Aspirin

Question 3

Acetylsalicylic acid Mechanism of action

Answer 3

Blocks formation of thromboxane A2 which prevents platelets from clumping (aggregating)

Question 4

Acetylsalicylic acid: Indications & contraindications

Answer 4

indications: chest pain and/or signs and symptoms suggestive of the acute coronary syndrome (i.e. EKG waveforms)
- Contraindications: hypersensitivity, not suggested for pediatric

Question 5

Acetylsalicylic acid adverse affects

Answer 5

None in emergency setting

Question 6

Acetylsalicylic acid route, onset & dose

Answer 6

-Route: oral - chewed (PO)
-Onset: 5-30 min
-Dose: adult 160-325mg

Question 7

Acetylsalicylic acid special considerations

Answer 7

When administered with other anti-inflammatory drugs and anticoagulants may increase adverse reactions and side effects

Question 8

Activated charcoal brand names

Answer 8

-Actidose, EZ-Char, Liqui-Char

Question 9

Activated Charcoal class

Answer 9

Adsorbent

Question 10

Activated Charcoal Mechanism of Action

Answer 10

Adsorbs (binds with) and inactivates toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 11

Activated Charcoal Indications

Answer 11

Oral poisonings or oral overdoses

Question 12

Activated Charcoal Contraindications

Answer 12

-The patient can’t protect their airway
-Ingestion of caustics, hydrocarbons, acids, corrosives, cyanide, solvents, iron, lithium, lead, petroleum substances

Question 13

Activated Charcoal Adverse reactions

Answer 13

Aspiration, nausea, vomiting

Question 14

Activated Charcoal Route

Answer 14

Oral

Question 15

Activated Charcoal Onset of action

Answer 15

Immediate

Question 16

Activated Charcoal Dosages

Answer 16

-Adult: 30-60 gm (1.0 - 2.0 gm/kg)
-Pediatric: 0.5-1.0 gm/kg

Question 17

Activated Charcoal Special considerations

Answer 17

Drug may cause serious pulmonary complications if aspirated

Question 18

Dextrose brand names

Answer 18

D50

Question 19

Dextrose Classes

Answer 19

-Carbohydrate
-Antihypoglycemic (glucose elevating agent)

Question 20

Dextrose Indications

Answer 20

-Hypoglycemia
-Acutely altered mental status
-Coma or seizure of unknown origin
-Status epilepticus

Question 21

Dextrose Contraindications

Answer 21

-Hypersensitivity (documented)
-Hyperglycemia
-Severe Dehydration
-Anuria
-Diabetic Coma
-Intracranial or Intraspinal hemorrhage (head injury)
-Glucose galactose malabsorption syndrome

Question 22

Dextrose Adverse Reactions

Answer 22

-Cerebral Hemorrhage
-Cerebral Ischemia
-Warmth, pain, burning or phlebitis from IV infusion
-Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis

Question 23

Dextrose Routes of Admin

Answer 23

-IV
-IO
-Infusion

Question 24

Dextrose Drug Interactions

Answer 24

-Sodium Bicarbonate
-Warfarin

Question 25

Dextrose Adult Doses

Answer 25

12.5 to 25 Gm *may repeat as necessary until mental status improves or max dose is reached

Question 26

Dextrose Pediatric Doses

Answer 26

0.5 to 1.0 Gm/kg D10 solution over 20 minutes *may repeat as necessary until mental status improves or max dose is reached

Question 27

Dextrose Neonate/Infant Doses

Answer 27

0.2 Gm/kg, followed by 5 mL/kg/h of D10W

Question 28

Dextrose Duration of Action

Answer 28

-Onset: <1min -Peak: variable -Duration: variable

Question 29

Dextrose Special considerations

Answer 29

a.) Pregnancy Safety: Category C b.) Draw blood to determine the patient's glucose level before administering c.) Document reassessment of vitals and mental status after admin d.) May introduce acute Thiamine deficiency in malnourished patient's and those with chronic alcoholism e.) Extravasation may lead to tissue necrosis f.) DO NOT administer to patient's with unknown stroke unless hypoglycemia is documented.