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NBEMSA > Drug Profiles > Flashcards

Drug Profiles Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Nitroglycerin : Drug Classification

A

Vasodilator/Nitrate

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2
Q

Nitroglycerin: Mechanism Of Action

A

Vascular smooth cell relaxation (in arterioles) causing a decrease in cardiac preload and afterload, vasodilation of coronary arteries leads to increased oxygen delivery.

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3
Q

Nitroglycerin: Onset Of Action

A

1-3 minutes SL

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin: Peak Effects

A

5-10 minutes SL

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5
Q

Nitroglycerin: Duration Of Effect

A

20-30 minutes SL

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6
Q

Nitroglycerin: Half-Life

A

1-4 minutes

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7
Q

Nitroglycerin: Indications/Field Use

A

Chest pain associated with angina or MI.

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8
Q

Nitroglycerin: Contraindications

A

Hypotension (BP below 100 systolic); Erectile dysfunction drugs w/in 48 hours.

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9
Q

Nitroglycerin: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Headache, dizziness, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting

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10
Q

Nitroglycerin: Dose & Route (Adult)

A

0.4mg SL (tablet or spray) q 3-5min until effect achieved or bp drops (max 3 doses)

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11
Q

Nitroglycerin: Dose & Route (Pedi)

A

Not indicated

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12
Q

Nitroglycerin: Precautions

A

Expect headache from vasodilation; Request ALS intercept; This medication may only be administered if it is prescribed to the patient.

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13
Q

Nitroglycerin: Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Orthostatic hypotension with B-blockers; severe hypotension with alcohol.

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14
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Drug Classification

A

Opiate Antagonist/Antidote

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15
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Mechanism Of Action

A

Competitive opiate receptor antagonist –> displaces narcotic molecules, has greater affinity for receptor site, but shorter duration.

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16
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Onset Of Action

A

2-10 minutes

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17
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Peak Effects

A

2-10 minutes

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18
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Duration Of Effect

A

20-120 minutes

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19
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Half-Life

A

60-90 minutes

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20
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Indications/Field Use

A

Respiratory depression caused by narcotics/opiates

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21
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Contraindications

A

None

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22
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

hypotension, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, seizures, dysrhythmias

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23
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Dose & Route (Adult+Pedi):

A

2-4 mg IN, q 3-5 minutes with a max of 2 doses

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24
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Precautions

A

May induce withdrawal in newborn infants with addicted mothers. Oral opiates may require higher doses of naloxone for reversal. After 2nd dose consider calling medical control is breathing remains inadequate. Patients may wake up combative.

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25
Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Drug-Drug Interactions
May induce withdrawal on opiate-dependent patient
26
Oxygen: Drug Classification
Gas
27
Oxygen: Mechanism Of Action
Enters body via respiratory system, transported to cells by hemoglobin, required for efficient breakdown of glucose into usable energy
28
Oxygen: Onset Of Action
Immediate
29
Oxygen: Peak Effects
< 1 min inhaled
30
Oxygen: Duration Of Effect
< 2 min inhaled
31
Oxygen: Half-Life
N/A
32
Oxygen: Indications/Field Use
Hypoxia; Difficulty breathing; SpO2 < 94%
33
Oxygen: Contraindications
ROSC post cardiac arrest with SpO2 > 94%. Chest pain, acute MI, suspected cellular injury and death with SpO2 > 94%
34
Oxygen: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Free radical formation in the presence of injured tissues, causing secondary cell death
35
Oxygen: Dose & Route (Adult+Pedi):
(ADULT: 2-6LPM NC, 12-15LPM NRB, 15LPM BVM; CPAP Varies by O2 demand to meet cmH2O requirement) (PEDI: 2-6LPM NC, 10-15LPM NRB, 15LPM BVM)
36
Oxygen: Precautions
Avoid hyperoxia; High concentrations to neonates can cause eye damage; keep away from open flame. DO NOT WITHHOLD OXYGEN FROM PATIENTS IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
37
Oxygen: Drug-Drug Interactions
None in EMS
38
Oral Glucose: Drug Classification
Carbohydrate
39
Oral Glucose: Mechanism Of Action
Raises blood glucose by absorption through oral or intestinal mucosa
40
Oral Glucose: Onset Of Action
2-5 minutes
41
Oral Glucose: Peak Effects
2-5 minutes
42
Oral Glucose: Duration Of Effect
2-5 minutes
43
Oral Glucose: Half-Life
5 minutes
44
Oral Glucose: Indications/Field Use
Altered level of consciousness due to hypoglycemia
45
Oral Glucose: Contraindications
Decreased level of consciousness --> Inability to protect airway or follow commands
46
Oral Glucose: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Nausea, vomiting
47
Oral Glucose: Dose & Route (Adult)
15g (one tube) PO
48
Oral Glucose: Dose & Route (Pedi)
15g (one tube) PO
49
Oral Glucose: Precautions
Patient must be able to swallow and follow commands
50
Oral Glucose: Drug-Drug Interactions
None
51
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Drug Classification
Sympathetic agonist / Catecholamine / Sympathomimetic
52
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Mechanism Of Action
a2 agonist-->peripheral vasoconstriction-->Increased BP; B2 agonist-->increases force of contraction (inotropy), increased heart rate (chronotropy), increases the speed of electrical conduction (dromotrope); B2 agonist-->bronchial smooth muscle relaxation--> bronchodilation
53
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Onset Of Action
3-10 minutes IM
54
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Peak Effects
20 minutes IM
55
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Duration Of Effect
20-30 minutes IM
56
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Half-Life
5 minutes
57
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Indications/Field Use
Anaphylaxis
58
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Contraindications
None EMS
59
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Anxiety, headache, dysrhythmias, tremulousness, dizziness, nausea+vomiting
60
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Precautions
Should be kept in temperature-controlled environment; Verify ALS is enroute.
61
Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Drug-Drug Interactions
None for BLS
62
Albuterol Sulfate: Drug Classification
Sympathomimetic / Sympathetic agonist (B2 selective)
63
Albuterol Sulfate: Mechanism Of Action
B2 agonist --> promotes sympathetic stimulation of bronchial smooth muscle cells, causing smooth muscle relaxation --> bronchodilation
64
Albuterol Sulfate: Onset of Action
5-15 minutes
65
Albuterol Sulfate: Peak Effects
1-1.5 hours
66
Albuterol Sulfate: Duration Of Effect
3-6 hours
67
Albuterol Sulfate: Half-Life
<3 hours
68
Albuterol Sulfate: Indications/Field Use
Asthma attack, COPD Exacerbation, Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)
69
Albuterol Sulfate: Contrainidications
Symptomatic tachycardia
70
Albuterol Sulfate: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
Tachycardia, anxiety, headache, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, tremor, hypertension, dysrhythmias, chest pain, nausea+vomiting
71
Albuterol Sulfate: Dose & Route: Metered-Dose Inhaler (Adult+Pedi)
1-2 puffs of prescribed MDI q 5 min.
72
Albuterol Sulfate: Dose & Route: Nebulized Medication (SVN) (Adult+Pedi)
2.5mg nebulized w/oxygen 8LPM q 5 min.
73
Albuterol Sulfate: Precautions
Blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored; This medication may only be administered if it belongs to the patient
74
Albuterol Sulfate: Drug-Drug Interactions
Side effects may increase with other sympathetic agonists; B blockers may blunt effects of this drug
75
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Drug Classification
Platelet aggregation inhibitor/anti-inflammatory
76
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Mechanism Of Action
Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking the formation of Thromboxane A2 --> reducing additional clot formation
77
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Onset of Action
5-30 minutes
78
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Peak Effects
15-120 minutes
79
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Duration of Effect
1-4 hours
80
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Half-Life
15-20 minutes
81
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Indications/Field Use
Chest pain suggestive of AMI/ACS
82
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Contraindications
Active GI bleeding
83
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
GI bleeding, wheezing, nausea + vomiting, heartburn, prolonged bleeding
84
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Dose & Route (Adult)
324mg PO; Four 81mg Baby ASA tablets preferred as it can be chewed/swallowed
85
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Dose & Route (Pedi)
Not indicated
86
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Precautions
If patient takes daily ASA, may supplement home dose if taken within 24 hours. Can cause GI upset
87
Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Drug-Drug Interactions
Enhanced side effects with other anti-inflammatory agents. Decreased absorption with concurrent administration of antacids

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