Drug Random Flashcards
what type of drug is methotrexate?
it is an anti-folate where it inhibits DNA synthesis inducing immunosupression
what are the side effects of ciclosporin?
the 5H's: hypertrophy of gums hypertrichosis hypertension hyperkalaemia hyperglycaemia
what are the side effects of isotretinoin?
Dry skin and lips
Photosensitivity of skin
Depression, anxiety, aggression and suicidal ideation. Patients should be screened for mental health issues prior to starting treatment.
Rarely Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
what is etanercept used for?
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
what are the signs of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
impairment of perspiration resulting in fevers, seizures, sinus tachycardia, hypotension, decreased salivation, hypokalaemia and acidosis
causes wide QRS > ventricular arrhythmias
: dilated pupils, dry skin, confusion and urinary retention and tachycardia
what is the treatment for tricyclic antidepressants overdose?
sodium bicarbonate
which 2 meds should not be used together when managing arrhythmias and why?
calcium channel and beta blockers
they may cause severe AV block and hypotension
what is the prophylaxis treatment of migraine?
propanolol (if woman of child-bearing age and taking OCP) or topiramate
an 80 year old man presents with a slate grey rash that has worsened during his prolonged holiday abroad. which med has caused this?
amiodarone
a 48 year old man presents to his GP after a short-lived headache that started within a minute of taking his newly prescribed meds. which meds have caused this?
GTN
what is the rational for using benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal?
alcohol withdrawal leads to GABA deficiency, benzodiazepines facilitate GABA-A binding to its receptor
what are the early symptoms of aspirin overdose?
DAFT HID deafness appears flushed fever tinnitus hyperventilation increased sweating dizziness
what is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics?
reversible sodium channel blockade in nerve endings
what are the symptoms of a lithium overdose?
neurological symptoms: myoclonic jerks and twitches, confusion and seizures
cardiac dysrhythmias
which drug chemically resembles thyroxine and so can cause thyroid dysfuntion?
amiodarone
what are the common side effects of tamsulosin?
dizziness, postural hypotension and dry mouth
which cells do bisphosphonates act on?
osteoclasts
what is an important side effect of carbimazole?
agranulocytosis
which meds used for epilepsy causes cerebellar syndrome? what is this?
phenytoin
e.g. wide-based gait, past pointing and intention tremor
a 47 year old man who has recently started treatment for TB complains of red-orange discolouration of his urine and tears. which med has caused this?
rifampicin
which med used for treatment of TB is likely to have a glove and stocking distribution of paraesthesia of the extremities?
isoniazid
are C-peptide levels high in an insulinoma or factitious insulin use?
C-peptide rises with insulin levels as it is secreted with it
therefore, an insulinoma has a high C-peptide
which route is contraindicated with for testosterone admin?
IV - it is an oily substance and so could cause respiratory distress
what is tardive dyskinesia?
a largely irreversible side effect of long term anti-psychotic therapy e.g. haloperidol, resulting in stereotyped oral-facial movements
patients usually have some sort of lip smacking, grimacing, tongue movements or excessive blinking
