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Anesthesiology > Drug review and controlled substances > Flashcards

Drug review and controlled substances Flashcards

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1
Q

What are controlled substances?

A

Drugs dangerous because of their prtential for human abuse or misuse

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2
Q

How are controlled substances classified?

A

Into 5 categories. Higher the number, lower the risk

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3
Q

What are schedule I drugs?

A

Most potential for abuse. No medical purposes for these drugs. Illegal drugs

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4
Q

What are some examples of schedule I drugs?

A

marijuana, heroin, LSD

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5
Q

What are schedule II drugs?

A

High potential for abuse but has accepted medical use. A majority of these are pain medications or anesthesia. Severe restrictions

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6
Q

What are some examples of schedule II drugs?

A

cocaine, morphine, amphetimine, fentanyl, codeine, pentobarbital

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7
Q

What are schedule III drugs?

A

Potential for abuse, less than I or II. Accepted medical uses.

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8
Q

What are some examples of schedule III drugs?

A

tylenol with codeine, ketamine, thiopental, hydrocodone (vicadin)

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9
Q

What are schedule IV drugs?

A

Low potential for abuse

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10
Q

What are some examples of schedule III drugs?

A

diazapam, phenobarbital, butorphanol

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11
Q

What are schedule V drugs?

A

Low potential for abuse

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12
Q

What are some examples of schedule V drugs?

A

buprenophrine, codeine syrups

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13
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls smooth muscle activity (heart, salivary glands, other viscera) and checks and balances

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14
Q

What ANS is fight or flight?

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

What ANS is rest and digest?

A

parasympathetic

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16
Q

What are some sympathetic effects?

A

INCREASED respiratory rate, INCREASED heart rate, DECREASED digestion, mydriasis (dilate pupils), bronchodilation

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17
Q

What are some parasympathetic effects?

A

INCREASED digestion, DECREASED respiratory rate, DECREASED heart rate,

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18
Q

How do drugs affect the autonomic nervous system?

A

mimic neurotransmitters, block release, block binding, alter neurotransmitters in the synapse

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19
Q

What are the 4 classes if ANS drugs?

A

Cholinergics, cholinergic blockers, adrenergics, and adrenergic blockers

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20
Q

What drug category mimics the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

cholinergics

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21
Q

What is another name for cholinergic blockers?

A

anticholinergics

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22
Q

What drug category blocks the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

cholinergic blockers (anticholinergics)

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23
Q

What do anticholinergics (cholinergic blockers) do?

A

prevent/treat bradycardia and decrease secretions

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24
Q

What are two anticholinergic (cholinergic blocker) drugs?

A

atropine and glycopyrrolate (Robinul-V)

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25
When using an anticholinergic what do you want to be sure to use (hint: decrease secretions)
USE EYE LUBE
26
What drug category mimic's the sympathetic nervous system?
adrenergics
27
What drug category are the reversals?
adrenergic blockers
28
What are some adverse effects of cholinergics?
bradycardia, hypotension, diarrhea, vomiting, increased secretions (intestinal rupture)
29
Whate are some adverse effects of anticholinergics?
DOSE RELATED; drowsiness, tachycardia, dry eye, constipation
30
What are some adverse effects of adrenergics?
tachycardia, hypertension, nervousness, and cardiac arrhythmias
31
What are some examples of adrenergics?
epinephrine (adrenalin), norephinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, xylazine (rompun)
32
What anticholinergic has a longer duration?
Glycopyrrolate (Robunul-V)
33
What does epinephrine (adrenalin) do? And what is it used for?
Stimulate heartbeat and vasoconstricion. Used for cardiac resuscitation and anaphylaxis
34
What does norephinephrine do?
vasoconstriction (raise blood pressure)
35
What does dopamine do? And what does it treat?
Increase renal blood flow, support blood pressure. Treats shock and CHF
36
What does dobutamine used to treat?
heart failure
37
What is xylazine (rompun) used for?
analgesic and sedative properties
38
What are some advers effects of adrenergic blockers?
bradycardia, hypotension, worsening of heart failure, bronchoconstriction, heart block, and syncope
39
What are some examples of adrenergic blockers?
Yohimbine (Yobine) and Atipromezole (Antisedan)
40
What drug is Yohimnine (Yobine) used to reverse?
Xylazine
41
What drug is Atipromezole (Antisedan) used to reverse?
Dexmetetomidine (Dexdomitor)
42
What does hyper- mean?
HIGH
43
What does hypo- mean?
LOW
44
What does brady- mean?
SLOW
45
What does tachy- mean?
FAST
46
What does tachypnea mean?
rapid breathing
47
What anticholinergic is considered a ER drug?
Atropine
48
When do you not want to use anticholinergics and why?
With alpha 2 drugs because it causes cardiac arrest
49
What can you see when using an anticholinergic?
heart arrhythmias and thich respiratory secretions
50
What is a phenothiazine?
Tranquilizer
51
What do phenothiazine's do?
``` Produce sedation Relieves fear and anxiety NO ANALGESIA Can cause hypotension and lower seizure threshold Penile prolapse (horse) ```
52
Would you want to give a phenothiazine to a patient with kidney and liver problems? Why or Why not?
No, because it is metabolized slowly
53
Give an example of a phenothiazine
Acepromazine
54
What are some side effects of acepromazine?
potent anti emetic, depresses thermoregulation center, decreases seizure threshold, hypotension leading to tachycardia, delayed gastric emptying
55
What happens when you give an old or sick animal a benzodiazapine?
calm/antianxiety
56
What happens when you give a young or healthy animal a benzodiazapine?
disorientation (disphoria)
57
If an animal is activly seizuring will a benzodiazapine help or be used?
YES
58
What is the reversal for benzodiazapines?
Flamazenil
59
What happens when you give benzodiazapines to cats?
prevent hepaticlipidosis (INCREASE APPETITE)
60
What are some examples of benzodiazapines?
Diazapam (Valum), Misazolam, Zolazepam
61
What benzodiazapine is not water soluble (viscous/oily)?
Diazapam (Valum)
62
T or F you can mix any drug with Diazapam (Valum)
False
63
What is the only drug you can mix with Diazapam (Valum)
Ketamine
64
Can you store Diazapam (Valum) in plastic?
NO!!!
65
What does Diazapam (Valum) do?
muscle relaxation
66
What benzodiaapine is water soluble?
Midazolam
67
T or F you can mix Midazolam with other drugs.
True
68
How do you get Telazole?
Mix Zolazepam and Tiletimine
69
What do Alpha 2's do?
Calm/Sedate/Relax
70
What do you commonly see with alpha 2's?
behavioral issues, profound bradycardia due to peripheral vasoconstricion, muddy mm, hypothermia
71
What kind of patient do you want to give a alpha 2 to?
Young and healthy
72
When do you not want to give an alpha 2 and why?
When giving an anticholinergic because it will cause cardiac arrest
73
Do you want to give an opiod with an alpha 2?
yes
74
What are some examples of an alpha 2?
Xylazine, Dexdomitor (Medetomidine), and Dexmedetomidine
75
When do you most commonly see Xylazine used?
In horses and an emetic for cats
76
What is the reversal for Xylazine?
Yohimbine
77
T of F dexdomitor (medetomidine) does not have some analgesia?
False
78
What is the reversal for Dexdomitor (Medetomidine)?
Antiseden
79
What are some injectible anethetics?
Barbituates, Dissociatives, Opioids, and Neuroleptanalgesic
80
What are the uses for barbituates?
anesthesia, treat seizures, main ingredient in euthanasias
81
What can barbituates cause?
Sloughing outside of vein, severe cns, respiratory, or cardiovascular depression
82
In what breed do you not want to use barbituates?
Sight hounds (greyhounds, whippets, etc)
83
What do barbituates need for redistribution?
FAT and PROTEIN
84
If you have to use a barbituate in a sight hound what drug would you use? Why?
Methohexitol because it metabolizes more quickly
85
What are uses for dissociatives?
sedation, restraint, and anesthesia
86
What are some common side effects when using dissociatives?
Catalepsy (muslces rigid and tight), amnesia,intact reflexes, some analgesia (visceral), eyes stay open (central and dilated), normal or increased muscle tone, hypersensitive to stimuli, increased heart rate, cardiac output and MAP, apnea with high doses
87
T or F reflexes stay intact when using dissociatives
True
88
T or F you always want to use dissociatives alone
FALSE
89
What are two examples of dissociatives?
Ketamine and Tiletamine
90
Tiletamine + Zolazapam =
Telazol
91
What other drugs should you use with ketamine?
acepromazine, diazapam and or xylazine
92
What other drug is tiletamine used with? And what is it used for?
used with zolazepam to induce anesthesia in cats, dogs, and small ruminants
93
What is another term for opiods?
narcotics
94
What are the three opiod receptors?
Mu, Kappa, and Delta
95
What are some examples of mu full agonists?
Morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl
96
What is an example of a mu antagonist?
Butorphanal
97
What is an example of a partial mu?
Buprenorphine (Bupranex)
98
What is an example of an antagonist and what does it do?
Naloxone (ER drug). It's a reversal
99
What opiod receptor is a mu antagonist?
kappa
100
What opiod receptor gives the best analgesia?
mu
101
Do we use delta a lot in veterinary medicine?
NO
102
What are the two subcategory's of agonist?
full/pure and partial
103
What do mixed agonist/antagonist do.
Agonist to 1 receptor and antagonist to another receptor
104
What are neruoleptanalgesics?
tranquilizer + opioid
105
What are some examples of opioids?
Morphine, Hydromorphone, Oxymorphone, Fentanyl (Duragesic), Buprenorphine, Butorphanol (Torbugesic)
106
Name three side effects of opioids.
addiction, facial swelling, increased cranial pressure and IOP (intaoccular pressure)
107
What do you typically see when giving opioids?
sedation, narcrosis, behavioral changes, analgesia, bradycardia, decreased respiratory rate, decreased tital volume, miosis (horses), mydriosis (cats and dogs), decreased temp in dogs, increased temp in cats, decreased urine prodcution, salivation, vomiting, borbarygmous
108
What are some common drug combinations for neuroleptanalgesics?
Acepromazine and oxymorphone | Xylazine and butorphanol
109
What protein do you need when using barbiturates?
Albumin

Anesthesiology (6 decks)

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