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drug therapy - biological treatment for sz Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

what are first generation antipsychotics

A

typical

target dopamine receptors

developed first

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2
Q

what are second generation antipsychotics

A

atypical

target dopamine, glutamate and serotonin receptors

more recently developed

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3
Q

chlorpromazine - typical antipsychotic

A

reduces all levels of dopamine - reduces symptoms

motor side effects - dopamine lowered in all areas of the brain even where levels were normal before - could have negative impacts

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4
Q

haloperidol - typical antipsychotic

A

treats auditory hallucinations

has a higher potency (large effect with small dose)

potential for severe motor side effects

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5
Q

clozapine and risperidone - atypical antipsychotics

A

blocks both dopamine and serotonin receptor sites

side effects
- tardive dyskinesia greatly reduced
- dangerous drop in white blood cells in rare cases (agranulocytosis)

risperidone has a lower relapse rate compared to haloperidol (45% compared to 55%)

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6
Q

what type of symptoms do typical antipsychotics reduce

A

positive symptoms

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7
Q

what type of symptoms do atypical antipsychotics reduce

A

both positive and negative

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8
Q

what % of people are antipsychotics effective for

A

60%

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9
Q

what substances can impact the effectiveness of antipsychotics

A

amphetamines, alcohol, caffiene and nicotine

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10
Q

advantages of using drug treatment - effectiveness

A

largely effective at reducing positive symptoms

successful for a large number of people with sz - fewer end up institutinalised

most widely used and effective form of treatment - almost all other treatments are used alongside drug treatments

60% effective

strong biological evidence for causation of sz

individualised plan - tailored to the patients needs

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11
Q

advantages of using drug treatments - ethics

A

removes the need for straight jackets and heavy handed treatment of those with psychosis

more ethical and humane in comparison to earlier treatments, - e.g. insulin shock therapy

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12
Q

advantages of drug treatments - example

A

Leucht et al. - those given placebos had a 64% relapse rate and only 27% relapse rate for those still taking the drug

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13
Q

disadvantages of drug treatments - side effects

A

long term side effects even if medication stops - tardive dysconesia - may be worse than symptoms experiences

most people experience side effects - drowsiness/ weight gain

2/3 patients stop taking drugs as side effects are too severe - high drop out rate

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14
Q

disadvantages - other

A

responses to medication vary - trial and error

other substances may interfere - nicotine, alcohol, caffiene

they are a form of social control - treats symptoms but does not cure the patient - based on societies view that the abnormal is unacceptable

has to be used in conjunction with anti-depressants, not effective alone at treating all symptoms

doesn’t factor in other causes - work on assumption that NT’s are the cause - drug treatment is not effective if it is not the cause

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