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LAM II Abxs > Drug Use, Misuse, Residues > Flashcards

Drug Use, Misuse, Residues Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

OTC

A

Over the Counter

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2
Q

ELUD or ELDU

A

extra label use drug or drug usage

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3
Q

VCPR

A

veterinary client patient relationship
key elements:
vet engage w/ client to assume responsibility for making clinical judgments about patient health
sufficient knowledge of patient by virtue of patient exam &/or visits to facility where patient is managed
provide for any necessary flowup eval/care
req vets to follow state defined VCPR requirements
in states where FDA determines that no applilcable or appropriate state VCPR requirements exist - vets need to issue VFDs in compliance w/ federally defined VCPR

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4
Q

Food Animal (FA)

A

edible tissues consumed by people in the country

FDA changes status of non-FA to FA if believed to regularly be consumed

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5
Q

Baytril

A

federal law prohibit extra label use in FA’s

tx certain bovine/swine respiratory dz

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6
Q

Potbellied Pigs

A 
FA
novelty worn off -> get rid of
too big/aggressive/illegal
strays -> problems
to humane shelters / slaughter
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7
Q

AMDUCA

A

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act

a law which regulates drugs used in animals

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8
Q

ELUD

A 
valid vcpr
no labeled drug
adequate records
prolonged w/d times
proper label by vet
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9
Q

VFD

A

veterinary feed directive
extra label feed additives
written statement issued by licensed vet in course of vet’s professional practice
authorizes use of VFD drug or combo VFD drug in or on animal feed
authorizes client (owner of animal/animals or caretaker) to obtain & use animal feed bearing or containing VFD drug/combo VFD drugd to tx client’s animal only in accordance w/ conditions for use approved, conditionally approved, indexed by FDA
final rule req vets to issue all VFD’s w/in context of VCPR
cover major species: cattle, swine, chickens, turkeys, dogs, cats

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10
Q

Prohibited in FA

A 
Chloramphenicol
Clenbuterol
Diethylstilbestrol
Dimetridazole
Ipronidazole
Nitroimidazoles
Furazolidone
Nitrofurazone
Sulfonamides
--lactating dairy
--except: Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamomethazine, Sulfathoxypyridazine
Flouroquinolones
Glycopeptides
Phenylbutazone
--female dairy cow >20mos
Cephalosporin
--exclude cephaprin
--not for species dz prevention
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11
Q

FARAD

A

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database
can get w/d info when you don’t know when extralabel
provide sciende-based advice to help mitigate unsafe chemical residues in products from food animals

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12
Q

Milk & Dairy Beef Residue Prevention Protocol

A
  1. practice healthy herd management
  2. establish a valid vcpr
  3. use only FDA approved OTC or prescription drugs
  4. label correctly
  5. store drugs correctly
  6. admin drugs correctly & ID tx’d animals
  7. maintain tx records
  8. use drug residue screening tests
  9. implement employee/family awareness
  10. complete protocol annually
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13
Q

Drug Residue Screening Tests

A 
No abxs in milk (organic or non-organic)
test for beta lactam abxs before unload truck
Meat w/d
--important
--labels & doc w/d times
--abx residue testing in slaughter houses
--under supervision of USDA FSIS vets
--cull cows - special attn
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14
Q

FAST

A

Fast Abx Screening Test

detects substances in tissues - inhibit Bacillus megaterium growth

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15
Q

Market for Swine Drugs

A 
growth promotants
GI dz - nursery pigs
Resp dz - 
Ileitis
Atrophic Rhinitis
External & Internal Parasites
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16
Q

The 5 Rights

A 
Right patient
Right drug
Right time
Right dose
Right route
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17
Q

Market for Cattle Drugs

A

Resp dz - biggest thing in dairy cattle
parasitism
reproduction - hormones (rx drugs need to be aware of)
mastitis
production enhancement
–BST: almost nonexistent - public perception that hormones are bad
–Bovatec/Rumensin: feed additives

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18
Q

Hot Milk

A

milk w/ abxs

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19
Q

special features of dairy cow

Study These Flashcards
A 
product sold daily
intense product surevaillance & regulation 
milk contains fat
special health issues of milking cows
--metabolic dz
--mastisis
--reproduction (infectious & hormonal)
infectious foot conditions
20
Q

Potential risks to humans from drug residues

Study These Flashcards
A 
direct poisoning of drug residue
--toxicity
--pharmacologic effect
cancer
mutations
change gut bacteria
bacterial drug resistance
allergy
effects on food processing
21
Q

Illegal Drugs

Study These Flashcards
A 
drugs banned from us in dairy animals
--Sulfasmethazine (except under 20mos)
--other Sulfonamides
--Tetracyclines as feed additives
     --now labeled in dairy as therapeutic drug
banned in any food animal
--chloramphenicol
--clenbuterol
--diethylstilbestrol
--dimetridazole
--ipronidazole
--other nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)
--furazolidone
--nitrofurazone
--fluoroquionolones - except approved use
--glycopeptides
--dipyrone
--phenylbutazone (dairy >20mos))
22
Q

Ceftiofur

Study These Flashcards
A

tx of calf septicemia (Naxcel)
no drugs approved for septicemia
prohibited use extra label except for indications
not illegal

23
Q

Enrofloxacin

Study These Flashcards
A

tx of resp dz in dairy cow

extralabel use of fluoroquinolones is illegal

24
Q

Flunixin Meglumine Inj

Study These Flashcards
A

IV or IM use in horses
IV use in beef/dairy cows
Not for use in dry dairy cow & veal calves
Fed law restricts use by or on order of licensed vet
Indications:
–Cattle: control of pyrexia assoc w/ bovine respiratory dz & endotoxemia
–control of inflammation & endotoxemia
Dose & Admin:
–Cattle: for pyrexia assoc w/ bovine respiratory dz & endotoxemia & control of inflammation in enodotoxemia = 1.1 - 2.2mg/kg slow IV SID or BID up to 3 days
Residue: Cattle must not be slaughtered for human consumption w/in 4 days of last tx. Milk taken during tx & for 36 hrs after last tx not used for food.
Not for use in dairy cows
w/d period not established in preruminating calves
do not use in calves to be processed for veal

25
Extra Label
does not mean illegal based on vet's discretion need to alter w/d periods based on extralabel usage
26
ELUD Label
Name & address of veterinary & pharmacist if so dispensed directions: patient ID, class/species, dosage, frequency, route of admin, duration of therapy withdrawal/witholding, discard times for meat, milk, eggs, etc established name or active ingredients of drug cautionary statement
27
Extralabel: legal/illegal
label specifically says that use of drug in extralabel manner is prohibited = illegal completely illegal --some drugs that are totally prohibited from food animal use --chloramphenicol --no food animal species is on label - thus any use = illegal
28
Abx Use Concerns
``` Fluoroquinolones Naxcel & Excenel Cefazolin Gentamicin on farm decision making injectables vs intramammary for mastitis tx extended abx therapy for mastitis multiple use bottles for intramammary medicated milk replacer - veal - neomycin ```
29
Other drug issues
european ban on hormonal growth promotants (precautionary principle) --estradiol, progesterone, testosterone --trenbolone, zeranol (ralgro), melengestrol acetate minor use, minor species act, 2004 (MUMS) --conditional approval --index of legal marketed unapproved animal drugs --orphan drugs
30
drugs/classes of drugs approved for tx/prevent influenza A in humans prohibitied from ELDU in chickens, turkeys, ducks regardless of whether or not ELDU criteria met
Adamantanes Neuraminidase inhibitors extralabel use of drugs in txing food producing animals for improving rate of wt gain, feed efficiency, other production purposes is prohibited under AMDUCA no extralabel uses in animal feed allowed
31
Choosing Antibiotic
drugs have different availabilities (bound up to proteins in blood or free) --free drug = active form drugs have different tissue preferences --some like concentrate in tissues, fat, blood, etc --drug may get too high level in blood some drugs penetrate tissue well & others don't
32
Choosing Antimicrobial
abx sensitivity drug thickness admin route contraindications - abortion dose frequency owner compliance animal disposition efficacy # being tx'd # of doses w/d times cost severity of dz human health hazard size of animal prognosis
33
Penicillin (Procaine P G; Polyflex [amoxicillin]; Benzathine Pen), K pen (IV)
``` PPG gram + spectrum daily dosing medium w/d times (10days) cheap OTC example use: footrot, presurgical, listeria, clostridial infections ```
34
Oxytetracycline (100, 200, 300mg/ml; Chlortetracycline)
``` Long acting 200 broad spectrum bacteriostatic thick soln inj rxns 1-3 day dosing interval (100 & 200mg) 7 day interval (300mg) cheap OTC ```
35
Cephalosporins (Ceftiofus sodium, Naxcel, Ceftiofur HCl, Excenel & Excede)
``` Naxcel - most dairies bc w/d times broad spectrum: more gram - moderate cost short w/d times daily dosing (except Excede ~7 days) sml volume of dose ```
36
Ceftiofur
``` extralabel use prohibited except for indications (ok for sml ruminants) naxcel, excenel, excede all labeled for (except intramammary) --BRD: Mannheimia, Pasteurella, Histophilus Excenel labeled for: --footrot --metritis Naxcel (Bo, Po, Ov, Cap) --Bo: footrot & BRD only ```
37
Florfenicol (Nuflor)
``` good for resp infections broad spectrum static fairly expensive dosing for 2 to 4 days thick ```
38
****EXAM**** Enrofloxacin (Baytril) Danofloxacin (A180)
broad spectrum expensive 1-2day dosing interval extralabel use is ILLEGAL
39
Spectinomycin (Spectam) Erythromycin Tylosin
``` less common use cheap spectam - bovine resp dz tylosin - sheep & swine dzes erythromycin??? ```
40
Tilmicosin (Micotil)
``` good resp dz drug don't dispense to backyard client bovine resp dz seminal vesiculitis 3 day dosing interval fatal injections (cattle & humans) moderate expense ```
41
Draxxin - New Abx
Tulathromycin (erythromycin cousin) not labeled for female dairy cow >/= 20mos dose 1ml/88lbs cattle & swine SQ cattle; IM swine Cattle: labeled for bacterial resp dz one shot last ~ 7 days (long acting) painful in goats Swine: labeled for swine resp dz (A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, Bordetella, H. parasuis) meat w/d: 18 days cattle & 5 days swine single dose
42
Zuprevo (Macrolide)
``` target resp tissue only labeled for cattle works well for pneumonia concentration in lungs for 28 days 1 shot 1ml/100lbs meat w/d = 21 days highly syringeable ```
43
Gentamicin
broad spectrum loooong w/d times - 1.5 years relatively cheap gentamicin induced nephrotoxicosis in cow
44
antibiotic sensitivity
tells us what won't work
45
route of administration
IV, IM, SQ, PO (few oral drugs; rumen inactivates)
46
FDA's Guidance #213
illegal to use medically important abxs for production purposes & animal producers will need to obtain authrization from licensed vet to use them for prevention, control, tx of specifically identified dz

LAM II Abxs (1 decks)

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