DRUGS

Question 1

Amiodarone class/action

Answer 1

class III antiarrhythmic agent
Blocks K and Na channels - inhibits repolarisation, prolongs AP 
lengthens QT interval

Question 2

Amiodarone uses?

Answer 2

atrial, nodal, ventricular tachycardias

Question 3

Amiodarone adverse effects

Answer 3

thyroid dysfunction, corneal deposits, pulmonary/liver fibrosis, peripheral neuropathy/myopathy, photosensitive, slate grey, thrombosis…, Bradycardia

Question 4

ARB class/action

Answer 4

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

stops vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, renal Na resorption

Question 5

ARB examples

Answer 5

candesartan
losartan
irbesartan

Question 6

ARB uses?

Answer 6

where ACEi not tolerated/cough development

HTN, HF, CKD, MI, (diabetes)

Question 7

ARB side effects

Answer 7

hypotension, hyperkalaemia, caution in renovascular disease

Question 8

Community-Acquired pneumonia treatment

Answer 8

Low-severity = amoxicillin (macrolide if not)

High severity = amoxicillin AND macrolide

Question 9

Macrolide examples

Answer 9

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Question 10

Beta blockers uses?

Answer 10

angina
post MI 
heart failure
arrhythmias - AF 
HTN 
(migraine, anxiety, thyrotoxicosis)

Question 11

Beta blockers examples

Answer 11

atenolol
propanolol
bisoprolol

Question 12

Beta blockers side effects

Answer 12

bronchospasm (cough) 
cold peripheries
fatigue
sleep disturbances/nightmares
erectile dysfunction

Question 13

Beta-blockers contraindications

Answer 13

asthma
uncontrolled HF
sick sinus
verapamil use

Question 14

do not use in Ventricular Tachycardia?

Answer 14

verapamil

Question 15

Adenosine is contraindicated in …

Answer 15

asthmatics

Question 16

ACE inhibitors action & examples

Answer 16

inhibits angiotensin I –> II

ramipril, lisinopril …

Question 17

ACE-i - side effects

Answer 17

cough, angioedema, hyperkalaemia

Question 18

ACE-i cautioned

Answer 18

afro-carribean (less effective)
pregnancy
renal function

Question 19

Calcium channel blockers action

Answer 19

relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reducing force of myocardial infarction

Question 20

CCBs types

Answer 20

dihydropyridine - amlodipine

non-dihydro - diltiazem, verapamil

Question 21

CCB side effects

Answer 21

flushing, ankle swelling, headache

Question 22

Thiazide type diuretic action

Answer 22

inhibits Na absorption in DCT

Question 23

Thiazide type diuretics side effects

Answer 23

hyponatraemia
hypokalaemia
dehydration

Question 24

Hypertension treatment

Answer 24

<55/T2D - A
>55/afro/noT2D - C

then add A/C/D

if K <4.5 add low dose spironolactone
if K+ add alpha/beta c=blocker

Question 25

SABA?

Answer 25

short acting beta agonist relaxes SM in airways symptomatic relief

Question 26

SABA examples, side effects

Answer 26

salbutamol, terbutaline | SE: tremor

Question 27

Inhaled corticosteroids, examples

Answer 27

``` suppress airway inflammation/swelling everyday! Beclomethasone dipropionate fluticasone propionate ```

Question 28

ICS side effects

Answer 28

oral candidiasis, children stunted growth

Question 29

LABA, example

Answer 29

long acting beta agonist every day salmeterol

Question 30

leukotriene receptor antagonists

Answer 30

Montelukast ?

Question 31

acute asthma exacerbation

Answer 31

- 15L O2 - high dose salbutamol - 40mg oral prednisolone 5 - Ipratropium bromine neb - IV magnesium sulfate