Drugs Flashcards

Question

Define drug abuse

Answer 1

An excessive or improper use of drugs | - especially through self-administration for nonmedical purposes

Answer 2

Physical or psychologic state in which a person displays withdrawal symptoms if drug use is halted suddenly - can lead to addiction

Answer 3

Cluster of behavioural, cognitive and physiological phenomena that may develop after repeated substance use - strong desire to take the drug - impaired control over its use - persistent use despite harmful consequences - higher priority given to drug use than other activities and obligations - increased tolerance and a physical withdrawal reaction when drug use is discontinues

Answer 4

``` Diazepam - valium, vallies Temazepam - jellies, eggs, temazzies Lorazepam Nitrazepam Chlordiazepoxide ```

Answer 5

Amphetamine - uppers, A, speed, whizz, sulph, cranks, wake-up, hearts Dextroamphetamine - dex, dexy, dexies Methamphetamine - ICE, crystal, meth Methylenedioxymethamphetamine - MDMA, ADAM, Ecstasy, E, doves

Answer 6

Synthetic stimulants Medical use in narcolepsy and psychiatry Illicit manufacture of tablets/powder Associated with rave culture Taken orally - snorted, smoked or injected Tolerance and psychological dependence occurs

Answer 7

``` Euphoria, calm, peace and friendliness Heightened awareness and concentration Increased energy Irritability, restlessness Irrational behaviours, confusion Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia Psychosis ```

Answer 8

``` Tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnoea Loss of appetite Dilated pupils, brisk reflexes Dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness Sweating, flushing or pallor Teeth grinding, repetitive actions Pyrexia, dehydration ```

Answer 9

``` Arrhythmias Stroke Hyperpyrexia DIC Acute paranoid psychosis ```

Answer 10

``` Premature Atherosclerosis Heart muscle damage - acute catecholamine stress - chronic scarring - cardiomyopathy Fatal arrhythmia ```

Answer 11

``` Brain haemorrhage - intracerebral - subarachnoid Cerebral infarction - arterial spasm ```

Answer 12

LySergic acid Diethylamide Semi-synthetic hallucinogen Derived from lysergic acid - found in ergot fungus which grows on rye grains Synthesised in 1938 - former psychiatric use Taken orally Effects within 1 hour, peak at 4 hours, lasts 12 hours Tolerance develops but not dependence

Answer 13

``` Effect vary widely - good and bad trips Depends on mood and environment Hallucinations - visual and auditory Distorted perception of time, distance and speed Mood swings, paranoia and violence ```

Answer 14

``` Hypertension, tachycardia Dilated pupils Tremor and incoordination Flushing and nausea Pyrexia ```

Answer 15

Tolerance develops but not dependence Abortion in pregnant women Anxiety and psychosis Later flashbacks

Answer 16

``` Morphine Heroin Methadone Dipipanone Pethidine Pentazocine Buprenorphine Dextropropoxyphene Codeine DHC ```

Answer 17

``` Derived from opium poppy - grows in SE and SW Asia Unripe seed capsule scored Milky extract emerges Dries to brown gummy residue Used medically from 13th centaury ```

Answer 18

Pain relief - analgesia Cough suppressants Antidiarrheal drugs

Answer 19

White or brown powder Injected Smoked - chasing the dragon Sniffed

Answer 20

Rush of euphoria Contentment Relief of anxiety Inability to concentrate

Answer 21

``` Constricted pupils N+V Suppression of cough reflex Decreased heart rate and breathing Unconsciousness, respiratory arrest and death - naloxone may be necessary Fatal reaction to impurities ```

Answer 22

``` Tolerance Physical and psychological dependence Constipation Loss of libido Complications of IV injection ```

Answer 23

Clinical effects opposite of intoxication | Commences after 8-15 hours, peaks at 36-48 hours, subsides over 5-10 days

Answer 24

``` Craving Anxiety, restlessness, irritability Alternate sweating and shivering Generalised aches and weakness Cramps in back, legs and abdo Insomnia Dilated pupils Watering eyes, yawning Tachycardia, hypertension Cold clammy skin with goose flesh Loudly audible bowel sounds N+V and diarrhoea ```

Answer 25

``` Heroin (Diacetylmorphine or diamorphine) -> 6-Mono-Acetyl Morphine (6-MAN) -> Morphine -> Morphine-3-Glucurondie (inactive) and Morphine-6-Glucuronide (active) ```

Answer 26

``` Tablet crushed, dissolved and infected Gelatinous capsule content Methadone liquid Tablet filler - starch - cellulose - talc - cotton Lung and liver granulomas ```

Answer 27

``` Septicaemia Acute endocarditis Anthrax Skin abscesses Necrotising fasciitis Hep B,C HIV Opportunistic infections ```

Answer 28

``` Heart - enlargement - endocarditis Lung - scarring - FB granulomas Liver - granulomas Brain - blood vessels - neurones ```

Answer 29

``` Dose dependent toxic effects Dose independent collateral side effects Idiosyncratic reaction Allergic reaction to impurities Hazards related to route of administration - inhalation - smoking - IV injection Chronic effects - heart, lungs, liver, brains ```

Answer 30

``` Inter-individual variation Tolerance Cocktail effect Active metabolites Sampling site Older databases are unreliable - sampling site often unknown Therapeutic levels overlap with lethal levels PM redistribution ```

Answer 31

PM artefactual elevation of measured drug concentration Passive diffusion of drug from a site of high concentration into neighbouring blood vessels - unabsorbed drug or alcohol in stomach - drug/metabolites accumulated in the liver, lung tissue Central blood vessels most vulnerable - heart blood and aorta - pulmonary arteries and veins - inferior vena cava Depends on anatomical site and time since death Blood from peripheral veins preferred

Drugs Flashcards

(55 cards)