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ACTAS intern > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

GTN Contraindications

A
  1. known hypersensitivity
  2. SBP<90
  3. HR<50 (*does not apply in autonomic dysreflexia)
  4. Viagra/Levitra/Spedra (sildenafil/vardenafil/avanafil) in last 24hrs
  5. Tadalafil (Cialis) in last 3-4/7 normal population OR 4-5/7 elderly/renal impaired pts
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2
Q

Morphine Contraindications

A
  1. elderly
  2. child<1yr
  3. Active labour
  4. Pts with CAL
  5. GCS<13
  6. SBP 70-90 (1/2 dose)
  7. Hypovolaemia (correct with fluids before administering)
  8. known hypersensitivity
  9. previous opiates
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3
Q

Methoxyflurane Contraindications

A
  1. DLOC
  2. known hypersensitivity
  3. Malignant hyperthermia
  4. concurrent doxycycline use
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4
Q

Methoxyflurane precautions

A
  1. Renal disease
  2. Diabetes
  3. pt unable to self-administer
  4. Pain Mx in post-delivery phase labour/PPH (risk of uterine atonia)
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5
Q

Methoxyflurane A/E

A
  1. Jaundice
  2. ALOC
  3. Renal dysfunction
  4. Uterine atonia
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6
Q

Fentanyl contraindications + precautions

A
  1. bilateral occlusion/bleeding nostrils
  2. ALOC
  3. Child<1yr
  4. Known hypersensitivity
    prec: active labour
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7
Q

Stemetil contraindications

A
  1. Previous dose in last 8/24
  2. paed<18yrs
  3. known sensitivity to phenothiazines
  4. CNS depression
  5. shock/other circulatory compromise
  6. not for use in pregnancy
  7. not to be used in conjunction with IV amiodarone
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8
Q

Stemetil precautions

A
  1. Parkinson’s disease
  2. Renal dysfunction
  3. Myasthenia Gravis
  4. Epilepsy
  5. Caution in elderly - increased risk of dystonic reactions
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9
Q

aspirin contras

A
  1. known/suspected allergy
  2. known bleeding tendency
  3. known/suspected GI bleed
  4. chest pain associated with psychostimulant overdose (increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage)
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10
Q

aspirin dose

A

300mg oral chewed or dissolved
150mg if on warfarin

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11
Q

aspirin action

A
  • decrease platelet aggregation for up to 7 days
  • decreases inflammation, pain, fever
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12
Q

aspirin A/E

A
  • allergic reaction
  • GI irritation
  • aggravation of bleeding tendencies
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13
Q

adrenaline drug type

A

naturally occurring catecholamine

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14
Q

adrenaline A/E

A

tachycardia
tachyarrhythima
hypertension

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15
Q

adrenaline contra

A

known hypersensitivity

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16
Q

adrenaline prec

A

only in Pts with CO
- Hx IHD, HTN
- Pts on MAO inhibitors - adrenaline has exaggerated response, only need approx 1/4 of full dose

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17
Q

adrenaline actions

A

alpha - peripheral vasoconstriction
beta 1 - increase myocardial contractility, increase SA node rate, increase AV conduction speed, increase myocardial irritability
beta 2 - bronchodilation, skeletal muscle vasodilation

18
Q

atropine drug class

A

anticholinergic/parasympathetic blocking agent

19
Q

atropine presentation

A

600mcg/1mL

20
Q

atropine action

A

blocks vagal action on heart
increase SA rate
increase AV conduction
reduces salivary and tear duct secretions

21
Q

atropine A/E

A

dry mouth
tachycardia
constipation
blurred vision
palpitations
confusion
urinary retention
increased body temp (decreased sweating)

22
Q

atropine contras

A

known hypersensitivity

23
Q

atropine precautions

A

pts with glaucoma
aim to not increase HR > 100

24
Q

atropine use

A

organophosphate/spider bite with cholinergic symptoms to increase HR and/or assist airway Mx by reducing secretions

25
Q

atropine dose and repeats

A

0.01mg/kg IM, repeat every 5/60 while cholinergic symptoms present
double each dose, max dose dependant on volume that can be delivered IM

26
Q

ceftriaxone drug type

A

3rd gen cephalosporin antibiotic

27
Q

ceft action

A

broad spectrum antibiotic effective against gram-negative bacteria (i.e. meningococcus)
effective at crossing blood brain barrier

28
Q

ceft dose

A

50mg/kg up to 2g IV preferred; reconsitute into 10mL with N/S, give slow over 2-4 minutes
can be given IM, give in 2 injections if over 1g/3ml

29
Q

ceft A/E

A

skin rash
hypersensitive reactions
diarrhoea

30
Q

ceft contras

A

known sensitivity to cepholasporins

31
Q

ceft precs

A

20% Pts with penicillin allergies may be sensitive

32
Q

droperidol drug class

A

antiphychotic

33
Q

droperidol A/E

A
  • extrapyramidal effects
  • may lower seizure threshold
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  • arrhythmias - prolonged QT, torsades –> ** must have ECG monitoring
34
Q

droperidol contras

A

known hypersensitivity
parkinson’s disease
post ictal

35
Q

droperidol precs

A

Pts in pain must also be given analgesia

36
Q

droperidol dose

A

> 14yrs: 10mg IM, 1x repeat in 10-15minutes if required
if elderly/frail/>65yrs - 5mg IM, same repeat 10-15/60
not used in paeds <14yrs

37
Q

glucagon contras

A

known hypersensitivity

38
Q

glucagon dose

A

1 IU IM, no repeat
0.5 IU IM in paeds <20kgs

39
Q

glucagon A/E

A

(very rare)
N+V
hypersensitivity very occasionally

40
Q

glucose 10% A/E

A

tissue necrosis if allowed to escape vein
hyperglycaemia

41
Q

glucose 10% dose

A

2.5ml/kg IV, slow over 5 minutes, continuous ensuring cannula patency
1 repeat if nil improvement

ACTAS intern (2 decks)

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