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ACPHS Microbio Antimicrobial Drugs > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Antibacterial drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Phosphonomycin, Cycloserine, Bacitracin, Vancomycin, Beta-lactams

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2
Q

How Bacitracin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Blocks the secretion of NAG and NAM from cytoplasm by binding the lipid carrier bactoprenol and preventing its dephosphorylation

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3
Q

How Vancomycin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Binds to terminal D-ala-D-ala chains on NAM peptides preventing thereby preventing transglycosylation and transpeptidation

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4
Q

How Beta-lactams inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Inhibit the transpeptidation reaction that cross-links the peptide side-chains of the polysaccharide-peptidoglycan backbone

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5
Q

Order in which antibacterial drugs that affect cell wall synthesis will work

A

Phosphonomycin>Cycloserine>Bacitracin>Vancomycin>Beta-lactams

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6
Q

How Aminoglycosides- Streptomycin and Gentamicin inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit of prokarytic ribosomes causing a change in 30S shape leading to misreading of mRNA

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7
Q

How Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

A

Blocks the enzymatic site of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes preventing formation of peptide bonds between aminoacids (rarely used)

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8
Q

How Lincosamides, Streptogramins and Macrolides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

A

Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes preventing movement of ribosome from one codon to the next

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9
Q

Antibacterial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

A

Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Lincosamides, Streptogramins, Macrolides, Mupirocin, Oxazolidinines

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10
Q

Antibacterial drugs that disrupt cytoplasmic membranes

A

Gramicidin, Polymyxin

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11
Q

Antibacterial drugs that inhibit of metabolic pathways

A

Dapsone, Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim

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12
Q

How Phosphonomycin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Inhibits the conversion of UDP-NAG to UDP-NAM by blocking pyruvyl transferase

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13
Q

How Cycloserine inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

A

Inhibits the activity of enzymes that add alanines to peptide side-chain

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14
Q

Beta-lactam drugs

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

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15
Q

How Tetracyclines inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

A

Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit at the tRNA docking site (A site)

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16
Q

Antibacterial drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

A

Flouroquinolones, Nitroimidazoles

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17
Q

How Mupirocin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

A

Selectively binds to the bacterial tRNA that carries the amino acid leucine therby preventing the incorporation of isoleucine into polypeptides

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18
Q

How Oxazolidinones- Linezolid inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

A

Block the formation of a stable 70S initiation complex thereby preventing translation

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19
Q

How Gramicidin disrupts bacterial cytoplasmic membranes

A

Short polypeptide that forms pores across cytoplasmic membrane damaging its integrity

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20
Q

How Polymyxin disrupts bacterial cytoplasmic membranes

A

Destroys cytoplasmic membranes of suceptible cells, Effective against gram negative bacteria, Toxic to human kidneys

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21
Q

How Dapsone inhibits bacterial metabolism

A

Interferes with synthesis of folic acid

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22
Q

How Sulfonamides inhibits bacterial metabolism

A

PABA analogs that bind to enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid

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23
Q

How Trimethoprim inhibits bacterial metabolism

A

Binds to the enzyme that converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid

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24
Q

How Fluoroquinolones- Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial nucleic acid synthesis

A

Synthetic agents that inhibit DNA gyrase- enzyme necessary for proper coiling and uncoiling of replicating bacterial DNA

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25
How Nitroimidazoles- Metronidazole inhibits bacterial nucleic acid synthesis
Anaerobic bacteria reduce the drug molecule and generate toxic free radicals which damage DNA leading to cell death
26
Antimycobacterial drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis
Ethambutol, Isoniazid
27
Antimycobacterial drugs that disrupt cytoplasmic membranes
Pyrazinamide
28
Antimycobacterial drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Rifamycin, Clofazimine
29
How Ethambutol inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis
Prevents the formation of mycolic acid- an important constituent in the cell wall of Mycobacteria
30
How Isoniazid inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis
Blocks the gene for an enzyme that forms mycolic acid
31
How Pyrazinamide disrupts mycobacterial cytoplasmic membranes
Disrupts membrane transport and prevents the bacteria from repairing damaged proteins
32
How Clofazimine inhibits mycobacterial nucleic acid synthesis
Binds to DNA of Mycobacterium leprae preventing replication and transcription
33
How Rifamycin inhibits mycobacterial nucleic acid synthesis
Binds to mycobacterial RNA polymerase preventing transcription of RNA
34
Antiviral drugs that inhibit protein synthesis
Antisense nucleic acid drugs- Fomiversen
35
Antiviral drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways
Drugs that inhibit viral uncoating - Amantadine, Rimantidine Drugs that inhibit viral proteins- Protease inhibitors
36
Antiviral drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Nucleotide/nucleoside analogs- Acyclovir, Ribavarin, Azidothymidine, Adenosine arabinoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
37
Antiviral drugs that prevent viral attachment
Attachment antagonists- Arildone, Pleconaril Neuraminidase inhibitors
38
How Antisense Nucleic Acid Drugs- Fomiversen inhibits viral protein synthesis
Complementary to mRNA; binding prevents protein synthesis by blocking ribosomes
39
How Drugs that inhibit viral uncoating (Arildone, Amantidine, Rimantadine) work to inhibit viral metabolic pathways
Neutralizes acidic environment of phagolysosomes necessary for viral uncoating
40
How Drugs that inhibit viral proteins (Protease inhibitors) work to inhibit viral metabolic pathways
Blocks the active site of Protease enzyme required by HIV near the end of its replication cycle
41
How Acyclovir and Ribavirin inhibit viral nucleic acid synthesis
Virally encoded kinase enzyme activates these drugs, Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
42
How Adenosine and Arabinoside inhibit viral nucleic acid synthesis
Cell-coded kinase enzyme activates the drug, Inhibits DNA synthesis, Viral DNA polymerase more likely to incorporate the drug
43
How Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors (Azidothymidine) inhibits viral nucleic acid synthesis
Cell-coded kinase enzyme activates the drug, Inhibits DNA synthesis, Viral reverse transcriptase more likely to incorporate the drug, Used to treat HIV
44
How Pleconaril inhibits viral attachment
Blocks attachment molecule on host cell
45
How Neuraminidase (Zanamivir) inhibits viral attachment
Prevents Influenza virus from attaching to cells
46
Antifungal drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis
Echinocandins
47
Antifungal drugs that inhibit/disrupt cell membranes
Polyenes, azoles, allylamines
48
Antifungal drugs that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
5-Fluorocytosine
49
How Echinocandins inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis
Inhibits synthesis of glucan subunit of fungal cell wall
50
How Polyenes (Amphotericin B, Nystatin) inhibit/disrupt fungal cell membranes
Binds with molecules of ergosterol, forming a pore through the fungal membrane, leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents
51
How Azoles (Fluconazole) inhibits/disrupts cell membranes
Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol
52
How Allylamines (Terbinafine) inhibits/disrupts fungal cell membranes
Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol
53
How 5-Fluorocytosin inhibits fungal nucleic acid synthesis
A fungal enzyme converts this drug into 5-fluorouracil - an analog of uracil that inhibits RNA function
54
Antihelmintic/Anthelminthic (antiparasitic) drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways
Benzimidazole derivatives
55
Antihelmintic/Anthelminthic (antiparasitic) drugs that disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane
Praziquantel and Ivermectin
56
How Benzimidazoles inhibit helmintic/helminthic (parasitic) metabolic pathways
Inhibit microtubule formation and glucose uptake
57
How Praziquantel and Ivermectin inhibit helmintic/helminthic (parasitic) cytoplasmic membranes
Increase cell membrane permeability
58
Antiprotozoan drugs that inhibit metabolic pathways
Atovaquone, Benzimidazole, Furazolidone, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine, Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim
59
Antiprotozoan drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
Nitroimidazoles, Pentamidine, Quinolones
60
How Atovaquone inhibits protozoan metabolic pathways
Interrupts electron transport chain
61
How Benzimidazole inhibit protozoan metabolic pathways
Inhibit microtubule formation and glucose uptake
62
How Furazolidone inhibits protozoan metabolic pathways
Blocks carbohydrate metabolism pathway
63
How Proguanil and Pyrimethamine inhibit protozoan metabolic pathways
Blocks second step in folic acid biosynthetic pathway
64
How Sulfonamides inhibit protozoan metabolic pathways
PABA analogs that bind to enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid
65
How Trimethoprim inhibits protozoan metabolic pathways
Binds to the enzyme that converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid
66
How Nitroimidazole inhibits protozoan nucleic acid synthesis
Anaerobic conditions reduce the drug molecule and generate toxic free radicals which damage DNA leading to cell death
67
How Pentamidine inhibits protozoan nucleic acid synthesis
Binds to nucleic acids inhibiting replication, transcription, and translation
68
How Quinolones (Chloroquine) inhibits protozoan nucleic acid synthesis
Unknown mechanism

ACPHS Microbio Antimicrobial Drugs (1 decks)

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