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Year 3 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

name anti-epileptic drugs

A

sodium valproate
lamotrigine
carbamazepine
phenytoin
levetiracetam
topiramate

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2
Q

what is the effect on target of anti-epileptic drugs

A

decrease action potential spread

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3
Q

what is the mechanism of action of sodium valproate

A

sodium channel inactivation and enhances GABA (inhibitory) synthesis

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4
Q

what is the mechanism of action of lamotrigine

A

inhibits sodium channels -> increases refractory period

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5
Q

what is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine

A

inhibits sodium channels -> increases refractory period

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6
Q

what is the mechanism of action of phenytoin

A

inhibits sodium channels -> increasing refractory period

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7
Q

what is the mechanism of action of levetiracetam

A

inhibits calcium channels -> reducing neurotransmitter release

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8
Q

what is the mechanism of action of topiramate

A

inhibits sodium channels
enhances GABA
blocks AMPA receptors

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9
Q

name tricyclic antidepressant used to treat neuropathic pain

A

amitriptyline

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10
Q

what is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressant

A

inhibits reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin

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11
Q

name GABA analogues

A

gabapentin
pregabalin

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of GABA analogues

A

inhibit presynaptic calcium channels -> transmission blocked

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13
Q

name of SNRI used for neuropathic pain

A

duloxetine

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of SNRI

A

inhibits reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline -> less reabsorbed = more around

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15
Q

name acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

donepezil
galantamine
rivastigime

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16
Q

what is target effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

slow cognitive decline by increasing cholinergic transmission

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17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

inhibit breakdown of ACh -> leads to increase ACh -> more transmission

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18
Q

name a GABA agonist

A

Baclofen

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19
Q

what is the mechanism of action of GABA agonists

A

inhibiting release of excitatory neurotransmitters -> prevents excitatory AP generation

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20
Q

name Immunomodulator drugs used in relapsing and remitting MS

A

tefidera
glatiramir

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21
Q

what is the mechanism of action of immunomodulators

A

suppress inflammatory response

22
Q

name an antimuscarinic

A

amantadine

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action of antimuscarinics

A

antagonise muscarinic receptors -> increased dopamine release -> excitatory

24
Q

name triptan drugs

A

sumatriptan
rizatriptan

25
Q

what is the mechanism of action of triptans

A

serotonin receptor agonists
-> vasoconstriction and inhibition of nociceptive transmission

26
Q

name of calcium channel blocker used in cluster headache prophylaxis

A

verapamil

27
Q

name of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to manage idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

acetazolamide

28
Q

mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

increased urinary sodium leads to diuresis -> reduced blood volume

29
Q

name dopamine precursor used as primary treatment for Parkinson’s

A

levodopa

30
Q

what is the mechanism of action of levodopa

A

increased dopamine levels -> increase in excitatory pathway -> helps with initiation of movement

31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of carbidopa

A

prevents peripheral metabolism of levodopa

32
Q

name monoamine oxidase B inhibitors

A

rasagiline
selegiline
phenelzine

33
Q

name anticholinesterase drug used in myasthenia gravis

A

pyridostigmime

34
Q

what is the mechanism of action of MAO-B inhibitors

A

prevents catabolism of dopamine

35
Q

what is the mechanism of action of pyridostigmime

A

inhibits cholinesterase -> potentiates AP

36
Q

when is sodium valproate used in epilepsy

A

treatment of primary generalised epilepsy
- NOT in females

37
Q

what is first line treatment for focalised epilepsy

A

lamotrigine or levetiracetam

38
Q

name SSRI drugs

A

sertraline
fluoxetine
citalopram

39
Q

what is the mechanism of action of SSRIs

A

selectively inhibit reuptake of serotonin from synaptic cleft -> more serotonin around

40
Q

name SNRISs

A

duloxetine
venlafaxine

41
Q

name typical (first generation) antipsychotics (dopamine antagonsists)

A

haloperidol
fluphenazine

42
Q

what is the mechanism of action of first generation anti-psychotics

A

non- selectively block D2 receptors -> decrease excitatory -> reduce positive symptoms

43
Q

name atypical (2nd generation) antipsychotics

A

olanzapine
rispiridone
clozapine

44
Q

what is the mechanism of action of atypical (2nd generation) antipsychotics

A

transiently inhibit D2 and serotonin to reduce positive symptoms
less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects or worsen negative symptoms

45
Q

name benzodiazepine drugs

A

lorazepam
diazepam
oxazepam
clonezepam

46
Q

what is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines

A

positive modulators of GABAa receptors -> increase inhibitory action -> decrease neuronal firing

47
Q

adverse effects of MAO-B inhibitors

A

‘cheese reaction’ - hypertensive crisis -> due to thiamine rich foods e.g. cheese and red wine

48
Q

adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants

A

‘anticholinergic effect’ - blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
sedation
weight gain
cardiovascular - postural hypotension, tachycardia

49
Q

adverse effects of SSRIs

A

nausea, vomiting
dizziness, agitation, insomnia, headache
dry mouth, weight loss
prolongation of QT length
CAN cause transient self-harm/suicidal ideation in <25 years

50
Q

adverse effects of benzodiazepines

A

sedation, psychomotor impairment
withdrawal problems
alcohol interaction
can worsen co-morbid depression

51
Q

adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics

A

metabolic syndrome
sedation
weight gain
clozapine - AGRANULOCYTOSIS
risperidone- hyperprolactinaemia

52
Q

before starting lithium what tests must be done

A

U+Es, TFTS and ECG
nephrotoxicity
hypothyroidism
T wave flattening or inversion

Year 3 (13 decks)

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