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Year 3 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

name anti-epileptic drugs

A

sodium valproate
lamotrigine
carbamazepine
phenytoin
levetiracetam
topiramate

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2
Q

what is the effect on target of anti-epileptic drugs

A

decrease action potential spread

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3
Q

what is the mechanism of action of sodium valproate

A

sodium channel inactivation and enhances GABA (inhibitory) synthesis

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4
Q

what is the mechanism of action of lamotrigine

A

inhibits sodium channels -> increases refractory period

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5
Q

what is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine

A

inhibits sodium channels -> increases refractory period

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6
Q

what is the mechanism of action of phenytoin

A

inhibits sodium channels -> increasing refractory period

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7
Q

what is the mechanism of action of levetiracetam

A

inhibits calcium channels -> reducing neurotransmitter release

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8
Q

what is the mechanism of action of topiramate

A

inhibits sodium channels
enhances GABA
blocks AMPA receptors

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9
Q

name tricyclic antidepressant used to treat neuropathic pain

A

amitriptyline

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10
Q

what is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressant

A

inhibits reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin

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11
Q

name GABA analogues

A

gabapentin
pregabalin

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of GABA analogues

A

inhibit presynaptic calcium channels -> transmission blocked

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13
Q

name of SNRI used for neuropathic pain

A

duloxetine

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of SNRI

A

inhibits reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline -> less reabsorbed = more around

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15
Q

name acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

donepezil
galantamine
rivastigime

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16
Q

what is target effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

slow cognitive decline by increasing cholinergic transmission

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17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

inhibit breakdown of ACh -> leads to increase ACh -> more transmission

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18
Q

name a GABA agonist

A

Baclofen

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19
Q

what is the mechanism of action of GABA agonists

A

inhibiting release of excitatory neurotransmitters -> prevents excitatory AP generation

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20
Q

name Immunomodulator drugs used in relapsing and remitting MS

A

tefidera
glatiramir

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21
Q

what is the mechanism of action of immunomodulators

Study These Flashcards
A

suppress inflammatory response

22
Q

name an antimuscarinic

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action of antimuscarinics

Study These Flashcards
A

antagonise muscarinic receptors -> increased dopamine release -> excitatory

24
Q

name triptan drugs

Study These Flashcards
A

sumatriptan
rizatriptan

25
what is the mechanism of action of triptans
serotonin receptor agonists -> vasoconstriction and inhibition of nociceptive transmission
26
name of calcium channel blocker used in cluster headache prophylaxis
verapamil
27
name of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to manage idiopathic intracranial hypertension
acetazolamide
28
mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
increased urinary sodium leads to diuresis -> reduced blood volume
29
name dopamine precursor used as primary treatment for Parkinson's
levodopa
30
what is the mechanism of action of levodopa
increased dopamine levels -> increase in excitatory pathway -> helps with initiation of movement
31
what is the mechanism of action of carbidopa
prevents peripheral metabolism of levodopa
32
name monoamine oxidase B inhibitors
rasagiline selegiline phenelzine
33
name anticholinesterase drug used in myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmime
34
what is the mechanism of action of MAO-B inhibitors
prevents catabolism of dopamine
35
what is the mechanism of action of pyridostigmime
inhibits cholinesterase -> potentiates AP
36
when is sodium valproate used in epilepsy
treatment of primary generalised epilepsy - NOT in females
37
what is first line treatment for focalised epilepsy
lamotrigine or levetiracetam
38
name SSRI drugs
sertraline fluoxetine citalopram
39
what is the mechanism of action of SSRIs
selectively inhibit reuptake of serotonin from synaptic cleft -> more serotonin around
40
name SNRISs
duloxetine venlafaxine
41
name typical (first generation) antipsychotics (dopamine antagonsists)
haloperidol fluphenazine
42
what is the mechanism of action of first generation anti-psychotics
non- selectively block D2 receptors -> decrease excitatory -> reduce positive symptoms
43
name atypical (2nd generation) antipsychotics
olanzapine rispiridone clozapine
44
what is the mechanism of action of atypical (2nd generation) antipsychotics
transiently inhibit D2 and serotonin to reduce positive symptoms less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects or worsen negative symptoms
45
name benzodiazepine drugs
lorazepam diazepam oxazepam clonezepam
46
what is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines
positive modulators of GABAa receptors -> increase inhibitory action -> decrease neuronal firing
47
adverse effects of MAO-B inhibitors
'cheese reaction' - hypertensive crisis -> due to thiamine rich foods e.g. cheese and red wine
48
adverse effects of tricyclic antidepressants
'anticholinergic effect' - blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention sedation weight gain cardiovascular - postural hypotension, tachycardia
49
adverse effects of SSRIs
nausea, vomiting dizziness, agitation, insomnia, headache dry mouth, weight loss prolongation of QT length CAN cause transient self-harm/suicidal ideation in <25 years
50
adverse effects of benzodiazepines
sedation, psychomotor impairment withdrawal problems alcohol interaction can worsen co-morbid depression
51
adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics
metabolic syndrome sedation weight gain clozapine - AGRANULOCYTOSIS risperidone- hyperprolactinaemia
52
before starting lithium what tests must be done
U+Es, TFTS and ECG nephrotoxicity hypothyroidism T wave flattening or inversion

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