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Y5 OSCE > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Warfarin
how works

A

Thins the blood to prevent blood clots by blocking vitamin K which is used by the body to make clots

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2
Q

Warfarin
contra

A

Pregnancy
Bleeding
Sig risk of bleeding

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3
Q

Warfarin
how taken

A

OD each evening

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4
Q

Warfarin
monitoring

A

INR days 3,4,5 then regularly in clinic

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5
Q

Warfarin
SE

A

Bleeding
Nausea and diarrhoea
Interactions with drugs - avoid cranberry juice, liver, spinach

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6
Q

DOAC
contra

A

Sig renal impairment
Sig bleeding risk
Active bleeding

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7
Q

DOAC
how works

A

Thins blood to prevent blots by blocking one of the proteins used to form clots

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8
Q

DOAC
how to take

A

Once or twice daily with full glass of water

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9
Q

DOAC
monitoring

A

None regularly
Renal function before and annually

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10
Q

DOAC
se

A

Bleeding
GI disturbance

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11
Q

Levothyroxine
contra

A

None

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12
Q

Levothyroxine
how works

A

Synthetic version of hormone produced by thyroid gland

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13
Q

Levothyroxine
how taken

A

OD before breakfastL

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14
Q

Levothyroxine
monitoring

A

TSH every 3 months until stable
When stable annually

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15
Q

Levothyroxine
SE

A

Hyperthyroid symptoms (vomiting; diarrhoea; headache; palpitations; heat intolerance) if too high

Hypothyroid symptoms (cold intolerance, constipation) if too low

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16
Q

Statin
contra

A

Pregnancy

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17
Q

Statin
how works

A

Stops liver from making cholesterol, high cholesterol causing problems in arteries which increases risk of heart disease and stroke

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18
Q

Statin
how take

A

OD in evening

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19
Q

Statin
monitoring

A

Review in 4 weeks then every 6-12 months
LFTs before starting, at 3 months and 12 months

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20
Q

Statin
se

A

Muscle pain
Itching
Diarrhoea and vomiting

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21
Q

Metformin
contra

A

Sig renal impairment
Low BMI

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22
Q

Metformin
how works

A

Increases response to insulin so cells can move glucose from blood

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23
Q

Metformin
how take

A

Daily tablet taken with meals

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24
Q

Metformin
monitoring

A

U&Es before starting then annually
HbA1c every 3-6 months until stable then 6 monthly check ups

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25
Metformin se
Nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weight loss Lactic acidosis - do not take day of and 2 days after general anaesthesia
26
Iron tablets contra
None
27
Iron tablets how works
Replaces bodies iron store, which is needed to make red blood cells
28
Iron tablets how take
1 to 3 times daily tablet, works best taken without food
29
Iron tablets monitoring
Hb in 4 weeks to assess response
30
Iron tablets se
GI irritation (nausea, sickness, diarrhoea/constipation) Black/green stools Metallic taste
31
SSRI contra
Suicidal risk Mania
32
SSSR how works
Alter balance of some chemicals in the brain, increases serotonin which is to in part cause depression when low
33
SSRI how take
OD tablet Can be gradually stopped 6 months after starting
34
SSRI monitoring
None
35
SSRI se
GI (diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting) Appetite and weight changes Drowsiness Anxiety for 2 weeks Sexual dysfunction
36
Methotrexate contra
Pregnancy Breast feeding Hepatic impairment Active infection Immunodeficient
37
Methotrexate how works
Disease modifying drug which reduces inflammation and suppresses immune system
38
Methotrexate how take
Once weekly tablet with folic acid tablet on another day
39
Methotrexate monitoring
Bloods before starting (FBC, LFT, U&E) Then every 2 weeks until stable Then every 2-3 months Should be given monitoring book
40
Methotrexate se
Gi disturbance (do not take with NSAID) Headache Myelosuppresion (infections, bleeding) Liver and lung toxicity
41
Lithium contra
1st trimester pregnancy Breast feeding Arrhythmia or cardiac insufficiency Sig renal impairmeent Addisons disease Untreated hypothyroidism
42
Lithium how works
Mood stabiliser, unknown mechanism. Thought to interfere with chemical release and receptors in brain
43
Lithium how take
Once or twice daily tablet
44
Lithium monitoring
Bloods and ECG before starting (FBC, U&E, TFT, BHCG) Lithium level after 5 days, then every week until stable for 4 weeks, then every 3 months Bloods every 6 months (TFT, U&E, calcium)
45
Lithium se
GI (abdominal pain, nausea) Fine tremor Water symptoms (thirst, polyuria, weight gain) Renal toxicity Tremor Hypothyroidism
46
Atypical antipsychotics contra
Hepatic impairment Phaeochromocytoma
47
Atypical antipsychotics How works
Schizophrenia thought to be caused by problems with dopamine receptors in brain. Drugs block receptors.
48
Atypical antipsychotics how take
Daily tablet or injections very 2-4 weeks
49
Atypical antipsychotics monitoring
Bloods, BP, weight, ECG before treatment, 3 months and 12 months then annually Weights every 6 weeksA
50
Atypical antipsychotics se
Anti-dopaminergic (tardive dyskinesia, tremor, movement disorder) Anti-cholinergic (constipation, dry mouth) Anti-histaminergic (weight gain, dizziness, drowsiness) Anti-adrenergic (hypotension) Hyperprolactinaemia (sexual dysfunction, menstrual disturbance) Prolonged QT Agranulocytosis (clozapine)
51
Levodopa contra
Glaucoma
52
Levodopa how works
Replacement for dopamine in brain, reduces symptoms particularly with movement
53
Levodopa how take
3-4 times daily tablet with food Fast acting
54
Levodopa monitoring
None
55
Levodopa se
GI (nausea and vomiting) Impulsive behaviour Psychosis
56
Insulin contra
None
57
Insulin how works
Allows the cells of body to take up glucose from blood to use as energy
58
Insulin how take
Depends on type, usually injected around lower abdomen or upper outer butt or thigh pen at 90 deg
59
Insulin monitoring
Capillary glucose every day before each meal and before bed
60
Insulin se
Sharp injuries Weight gain Hypoglycaemia Lipodystrophy at sites
61
Bisphosphonates contra
Pregnancy Sig renal impairment Oesophagus abnormalities Recent peptic ulcer
62
Bisphosphonates how works
Prevents bone from being broken down and helps build new bone
63
Bisphosphonates how take
Once daily or once weekly tablet Needs to be taken with full glass water at least 30 mins before food Need be upright for 30 minutes after swollowing
64
Bisphosphonates monitoring
Regular dental checks (osteonecrosis jaw)
65
Bisphosphonates se
GI (diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal pain) Heartburn Headache URGENT - osteonecrosis of jaw, dysphagia, GI bleed)
66
Hydrocortisone contra
Live virus vaccube
67
Hydrocortisone how works
Replaces bodies natural steroids Inhibits bodies immune system to reduce inflammation
68
Hydrocortisone how take
Oral, IM, IV
69
Hydrocortisone se
GI discomfort Anxiety Sleep disturbance Low mood or psychosis Increased risk infection Hypertension Peptic ulcer Osteoporosis
70
Hydrocortisone monitoring
Baseline bloods, eye exam, weight, BP

Y5 OSCE (1 decks)

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