Drugs

Question 1

Benzodiazepines

Answer 1

• Sedative Hypnotic
• Use for sleep, anxiety, or both
• Boosting GABA
• “Pam” endings
• Antianxiety: Increase inhibition in the spinal cord to produce skeletal muscle relaxation

Question 2

Barbiturates

Answer 2

• Sedative Hypnotic
• CNS depressants
• Addictive
• Barbital

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics of Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

Answer 3

• Highly lipid soluble
• Administered orally
• Uniform distribution

Question 4

Buspirone

Answer 4

• Serotonin agonist
• Stimulate serotonin in certain areas of the brain

Question 5

SNRIs

Answer 5

• Good for chronic pain, osteoarthritis, peripheral neuropathies, and fibromyalgia

Question 6

Tricyclics

Answer 6

• affect all 3 primary amines (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine)
• Major problem is sedation
• Significant anticholinergic effect

Question 7

MAO inhibitors

Answer 7

• can be dangerous if taken with food that contains tyramine
• Side effects: CNS excitation, anticholinergic effects, increased blood pressure

Question 8

Trazodone

Answer 8

• “off label” for insomnia, anxiety, chronic pain

Question 9

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Answer 9

• primarily as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Question 10

Lithium

Answer 10

• Mood stabilizer to help reduce the mood swings
• Absorbed in the GI tract, eliminated in urine
• Accumulation is a big problem

Question 11

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 11

• can lead to dysphagia
• May be irreversible
• May be caused by “disuse supersensitivity” of the dopamine receptor

Question 12

Psuedoparkinsonism

Answer 12

• Block dopamine receptors
• Symptoms: Resting Tremor, Bradykinesia, Rigidity

Question 13

Akathisia

Answer 13

• can use a beta blocker

Question 14

Metabolic effects of Antipsychotics

Answer 14

• weight gain
• increased plasma lipids
• diabetes

Question 15

Antipsychotic Drugs

Answer 15

• Orthostatic Hypotension

Question 16

Common Herbal supplements

Answer 16

• Echinacea: immune system support
• Garlic: Plasma lipids
• St.John’s Wort: a lot of interaction with other drug, similar as SSRI for anxiety & depression

Question 17

Vitamin B - Biotin

Answer 17

• for hair, skin, nails, can affect TSH levels

Question 18

Glucocorticoids

Answer 18

• Primarily used as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppresants
• For endocrine disorders
• can be used for Rheumatic disease, allergic reactions

Question 19

Fludrocortisone (Florinef)

Answer 19

• Primary aldosterone like agent for replacement therapy

Question 19

Adverse effect of Mineralocoticoids

Answer 19

• Hypertension
• Peripheral edema
• Weight gain
• Hypokalemia

Question 20

Mineralocorticoid antagonists

Answer 20

• Spironolactone (Aldactone) and Eplerenone (Inspra)
• Competitive antagonist to the aldosterone receptors
• Increased sodium and water excretion, decreased potassium excretion
• Primarily used as diuretics in hypertension and heart failure

Question 21

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer 21

• inhibit enzyme that is responsible for gastric acid secretion

Question 22

Allopurinol

Answer 22

• Treatment of gout
• Reduces the production of uric acid

Question 23

Lebodopa

Answer 23

• Resolves dopamine deficiency by being converted to dopamine
• For parkinson’s disease

Question 24

Valacyclovir (Valtrex) & Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Answer 24

- Effective against both oral and gential herpes - useful in chicken pox - Inhibits viral DNA polymerase enzyme - can be topical or oral

Question 25

Birth control pills contain?

Answer 25

- usually a combination of estrogen and progesterone - but can be progesterone only

Question 26

BCP influences

Answer 26

- Decreased hormonal variation and loss of normal infradian rhythm - Altered brains structure in areas related to emotion - Increased risk of autoimmune disease - Decreased response to weight training - Alters microbiome, gut dysbiosis