Drugs Flashcards
(24 cards)
adrenaline indication
anaphylaxis and life-threatening asthma with failing ventilation and continued deterioration
adrenaline dosage
IM, adult= 500mcg initial dose
conc= 1mg in 1ml (1:1000)
adrenaline action
- alpha and beta adrenergic agonist
- causes smooth muscle contraction in both arteries and veins
- also causes bronchodilation, making it easier to breathe
GTN indications
cardiac chest pain, systolic BP must be better than 90mmHg
GTN dosage
400mcg spray sublingual
GTN action
- nitric oxide produces chemical changes which reduce calcium influx, relaxing smooth muscles
- dilates coronary arteries (relieving coronary spasm), increasing blood flow to compromised heart tissue in MI and unstable angina
- vasodilation allows the reduction of pulmonary hypertension and congestion within heart failure
- vasodilation results in lower preload, BP and reduced pulmonary oedema
morphine indications
pain, pain in MI
morphine dosage
10mg in 10ml, IV,IO,IM,SC
morphine action
- blocks pain signals by blocking chemical messengers
- stops your brain knowing how much pain you’re in by stopping pain messages getting to it
- histamine is released, causing vasodilation
- reduces preload
paracetamol indication
pain
paracetamol dosage
1g
paracetamol action
- acts on CNS
- reduces prostglandin synthesis
- analgesic and anti-pyretic effects
- acts on pain pathways by suppressing chemicals which cause pain
- reduces chemicals (prostglandin) that increase pain and body temp
salbutamol indications
wheeze, asthma attack, acute COPD exacerbation
salbutamol dosage
5mg of 2.5mg in 2.5ml conc, nebulised with 6L oxygen
salbutamol action
- short acting, selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist
- activates G-protein coupled receptors and subsequent enzymes, stopping the activity of myosin light-chain kinase and smooth muscle contraction
- targets beta-2 cells in the lungs, allowing the medium to small airways to relax and open
- relaxes smooth airway muscle, increasing airflow
- opens up your airways, allowing more air to pass through
ipratropium bromide indications
asthma, COPD, expiratory wheeze
all if unresponsive to salbutamol
ipratropium bromide dosage
500mcg of 250mcg in 1ml conc
ipratropium bromide action
- blocks the action of acetylcholine which constricts the airways
- agonist
- reduces contraction of smooth muscles surrounding airways, leading to bronchodilation
hydrocortisone indications
- severe or life threatening asthma
- acute COPD exacerbation
hydrocortisone dosage
100mg in 2ml (powder) IV or IM
hydrocortisone action
- corticosteroid
- hydrocortisone binds to glucocorticoid receptors, leading to change in gene expression
- reduces inflammation in the airways
aspirin indications
ECG suggestive of MI or ischaemia
aspirin dosage
300mg tablet- chewed
aspirin action
- antiplatelet so reduces clotting of platelets
- ensures blood flow to heart is maintained
