Drugs

Question 1

What 4 drugs are given post MI

Answer 1

Aspirin, Beta Blocker, ACE inhibitor, Statin

Question 2

What 4 drugs are given in a suspected MI

Answer 2

GTN or opioid eg Diamorphine (2.5-5mg) with an anti-emetic
Aspirin (300mg) chewable.
Clopidogrel (300mg),

Question 3

3 types of Drugs used in Hypertension

Answer 3

Thiazide Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Vasodilators e.g. Calcium antagonist, alpha blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs

Question 4

4 Drugs used in angina

Answer 4

Beta blockers, calcium antagonists, nitrates (GTN), Nicorandil

Question 5

What do diuretics do and where?

Answer 5

Block Na reabsorption in the kidney

Question 6

Name the two types of diuretics

Answer 6

Loop and Thiazide

Question 7

When are loop diuretics used?

Answer 7

In heart failure

Question 8

What is the stronger type of diuretic?

Answer 8

Loop Diuretics

Question 9

What are some of the side effects of diuretics?

Answer 9

Hypokalaemia, Hyperglycaemia, Increase in Uric Acid, Impotence

Question 10

What do Beta blockers do?

Answer 10

Block B1 and B2 adrenoceptors

Question 11

What patients would you never give a beta blocker to?

Answer 11

Asthmatics

Question 12

What do Cardioselective B blockers do?

Answer 12

Only block B1 receptors

Question 13

What do non-selective B Blockers do?

Answer 13

Block B1 and B2 receptors

Question 14

What do Beta blockers usually end in?

Answer 14

-lol e.g. Atenolol

Question 15

Name 3 side effects of Beta blockers?

Answer 15

Tiredness, Cold Peripheries, short term heart failure

Question 16

What are the two types of calcium antagonists?

Answer 16

Dihydropyridines and Rate limiting calcium antagonists

Question 17

What are the dihydropyridines (calcium antagonist) used for?

Answer 17

Hypertension and angina

Question 18

What is the main side effect of dihydropyridines?

Answer 18

Ankle oedema

Question 19

What are the rate limiting calcium antagonists used for?

Answer 19

Hypertension and angina as well as SV arrythmias (e.g. AF and SVT)

Question 20

What to the rate limiting calcium antagonists do?

Answer 20

They block the effect of the AV node

Question 21

What do alpha blockers do? What does this result in?

Answer 21

Block alpha adrenoceptors which result in venodilation

Question 22

What are alpha blockers used in?

Answer 22

Hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy

Question 23

What is the main side effect of alpha blockers?

Answer 23

Postural Hypotension (dizziness when the patient stands up due to a drop in blood pressure)

Question 24

How do ACE inhibitors work?

Answer 24

Block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Question 25

What do ACE inhibitors end in?

Answer 25

pril - e.g. lisinopril

Question 26

What are ACE inhibitors used for?

Answer 26

Hypertension and Heart Failure

Question 27

Name 3 side effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 27

Dry cough, hypotension, renal dysfunction

Question 28

When should ACE inhibitors not be used?

Answer 28

In pregnancy induced Hypertension

Question 29

Why would and ARB be used instead of an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 29

If the patient can't tolerate the dry cough

Question 30

What do ARBs do?

Answer 30

Block angiotensin 2 receptors

Question 31

What do ARBs end in?

Answer 31

-artan e.g. Losartan

Question 32

Can patient with pregnancy induced Hypertension use an ARB? Yes or No?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What do the nitrates do in the body?

Answer 33

Cause venodilation

Question 34

When are nitrates used?

Answer 34

In angina and acute heart failure

Question 35

What are the main side effects of nitrates?

Answer 35

Headaches and syncope due to lowered blood pressure

Question 36

How do you prevent tolerance in patients?

Answer 36

Ensure they have a nitrate free period (e.g. 8 hours without taking nitrates a day)

Question 37

What is the function of antiplatelet agents?

Answer 37

Prevent a new thrombosis

Question 38

When are antiplatelet agents used?

Answer 38

In angina, acute MI, CVA and TIA

Question 39

What are the main 2 antiplatelet agents used?

Answer 39

Aspirin and clopidogrel

Question 40

What are the 3 side effects of antiplatelet agents?

Answer 40

Risk of haemorrhage, peptic ulcer, aspirin sensitivity which could trigger an asthma attack

Question 41

What is the role of anticoagulants?

Answer 41

To prevent a new thrombosis

Question 42

Name the 4 drugs used as anticoagulants

Answer 42

Heparin IV, Warfarin, Rivaroxaban abd Dabigatron

Question 43

When are anticoagulants used?

Answer 43

In patients with DVT, PE, AF and NSTEMI

Question 44

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

Answer 44

Dissolve a formed clot

Question 45

In what patients are fibrinolytic drugs used in?

Answer 45

STEMI patients, and some cases of CVA and PE

Question 46

What is the main risk of fibrinolytic drugs?

Answer 46

Serious risk of haemmorhage

Question 47

Name 5 examples of patients that cannot have fibrinolytic drugs

Answer 47

Recent haemorrhage, trauma, bleeding tendencies, severe diabetic retinopathy and peptic ulcer

Question 48

What are the two types of anticholesterol drugs?

Answer 48

Statins and Fibrates

Question 49

What do statins do?

Answer 49

Block HMG CoA reductase

Question 50

When are statins used?

Answer 50

Hypercholesteraemia, diabetes, Angina, MI, CVA/TIA, Patients with a high risk of MI and CVA

Question 51

What is the main side effect of a statin?

Answer 51

Myopathy

Question 52

Name 2 cases where a fibrate would be used

Answer 52

Hypertriglyceridaemia and Low HDL cholesterol

Question 53

What drug is used in the acute phase of supraventricular tachycardia?

Answer 53

Adenosine

Question 54

What 3 types of drugs are used to treat ventricular / supraventricular arrythmias?

Answer 54

Amiodarone, Beta blockers and Flecainide

Question 55

What are the 3 side effects of anti-arrhytmic drugs?

Answer 55

Phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis and thyroid abnormalities (hypo or hyper)

Question 56

What 2 things does digoxin do?

Answer 56

Block atrial-ventricular (AV) conduction, and increases ventricular irratibility

Question 57

Patients with what arrythmia benefit from Digoxin?

Answer 57

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 58

What is the main risk of excessive use of digoxin? what can this result in?

Answer 58

Bradycardia due to the heart rate falling too much. this can result in heart block

Question 59

What can digoxin toxicity cause?

Answer 59

Nausea / vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block and ventricular arrythmias