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Drugs Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Oxacillin, Nafcillin, dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

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2
Q

Piperacillin

A

beta lactamase, use for pseudomonas

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3
Q

cefazolin, cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporins, use for protus, e coli, klepsiella

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4
Q

cefoxitin, cefaclor

A

2nd gen cephalosporins, use for Haemophilus, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Klebsiella, Serratia

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5
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd gen cephalosporin, use for meningitis and gonorrhea

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6
Q

Cefepime

A

4rth gen cephalosporin, use for psuedomonas

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7
Q

aztreonam

A

betalactamase resistant, no cross allergeicity with penicillins

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8
Q

Gentamicin, neomycin, Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycosides,
Bind to 30s and inhibit formation of initiation complex and mRNA misreading.
Ineffective against anaerobes

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9
Q

Tetracycline, doxycycline

A

Tetracyclines

Bind to 30s and prevent attachment of tRNA

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10
Q

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

A

macrolides

Bind to 50s and block translocation

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11
Q

Cloramphenicol

A

Block peptidyltransferase at 50s
Serious infections only
Causes aplastic anemia and grey baby syndrome

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12
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase
can cause tendon rupture, damages cartilage in fetus

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13
Q

Clindamycin

A

Blocks peptide transfer at 50s

treats anaerobes above the diaphragm

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14
Q

Metronidazole

A

Forms free radicals to damage DNA
Treats anaerobs below diaphragm
Disulfiram like reaction with alcohol

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15
Q

Isoniazid

A

blocks synthesis of mycolic acids

neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, can induce B6 deficiency

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16
Q

Rifampin

A

inhibis DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Orange fluids

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17
Q

pyrazinamide

A

Acidifies intracellular environment of TB

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18
Q

Ethambutol

A

decreases carbohydrate polymerization of cell wall

red green colorblind

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19
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Binds ergosterol to form membrane pores

nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, anemia

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20
Q

Azoles

A

inhibity fungal sterol synthesis by inhibiting P450

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21
Q

Terbinafine

A

inhibits squalene epoxidase, use for dermatophytoses

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22
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Inhibits influenxa neuraminidase

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23
Q

ribaviren

A

Inhibits Guanine synthesisby inhibiting inosine monophosphate

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24
Q

Acyclovir, Famciclovir, valayclovir

A

Guanosine analog, chain termination

Needs to be phosphorilated

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25
Ganciclovir
Guanosine analog, inhibits viral DNA polymerase
26
Foscarnet
Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor | does not need to be phosphorilated
27
Protease inhibitors
Block pol gene and the cleaving of polypeptide | causes hyperglycmia
28
NRTIs
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase Cause bone marros suppression
29
Efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine
NNRTIs Bind to reverse transcriptase at allosteric site. Causes rashes and hepatotoxicity
30
Raltegravir
Integrase inhibitor | Causes hypercholesterolemia
31
Enfuvirtide
Fusion inhibitor, binds to gp41
32
Cyclosporine
Calcineurin inhibitor, prevents IL2 transcription
33
Tacrolimus
Calcineurin inhibitor, binds FK506, prevents IL2 transcription
34
Sirolimus
Blocks IL2 signal transduction
35
Bethanechol
Cholinomimetic, urinary retention
36
Carbachol
Cholinomimetic,
37
Neostigmine
cholinesterase inhibitor | reverses neuromuscular junction blockade
38
Pyridostigmine
anticholinesterase | myasthenia gravis
39
Physostigmine
Anticholinesterase | Treats atropine overdose
40
Atropine
muscarinic antagonist | treats bradycardia
41
Epinephrine
Beta more than alpha
42
Norepinephrine
Alpha1 > Alpha2 > Beta1
43
Phenylephrine
Alpha 1 and 2
44
Isoproterenol
Beta 1 and 2
45
Phenoxybenzamine
Irreversible alpha blocker
46
Phentolamine
Reversible alpha blocker, give to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine
47
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamulosin
alpha 1 blockers
48
Mirtazapine
Alpha 2 blocker
49
Carvedilol, labetalol
nonselective alpha and beta antagonists
50
Statins
Lower cholesterol, inhibits HMG CoA
51
Niacin
Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis causes itching and gout
52
Bile acid resins
prevent reabsorption of bile acids | increases Trigs, forms gallstones
53
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol absorption blocker
54
Fibrates
Upregulate LPL causing TG clearance Activates PPAR alpha to induce HDL Causes gallstones
55
Metformin
acts on liver pushing towards glycolysis | Lactic acidosis
56
Sulfonylureas
close K channel to depolarize cell, triggering insulin release via Ca influx
57
Glitazone
Increae peripheral insulin sensitivity by binding to PPAR gamma
58
Cilostazol, dipyridamole
PDE III inhibitor, inhibits platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation
59
Bisphosphonates
Bind to hydroxyapatite in bone inhibiting osteoclasts
60
Sumatriptan
Blocks 5 HT to inhibit CN V prophylaxis for migranes
61
Lithium
Mood stabilizer | Terratigin, hypothyroidism,
62
Mannitol
osmotic diuretic | causes pulmonary edema
63
Furosimide
Block Na/K/2Cl pump | causes ototoxicity, hypokalemia, nephritis and gout
64
HCTZ
Inhhibits NaCl reabsorption | hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hyper everything else
65
Montelukast, zafirlukast
Blocks leukotriene receptor
66
Zileuton
blocks 5 lipoxygenase

Vitamins (2 decks)

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