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Pharm 2050 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

cetrizine

A 
second generation antihistamine 
H1 histamine receptor 
Class: GPCR
Inverse agonist 
Reversible 
PO
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2
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Vasopressors
Adrenergics, NON SELECTIVE A1-AR AGONIST
- Constricts blood vessels by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors (resulting in increased BP)
IV, IM, subcut

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3
Q

Ipratropium

A

Anticholinergeric; antimuscarininc, bronchodilator
- inhibits ACh at its receptor sites, blocking cholinergic bronchomotor tone
- COPD and emphysema, nasal spray (common cold)
Intranasal/inhalation/nebulizer

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4
Q

Dobutamine

A

Iontropics, B1-AR AGONIST
- Stimulates beta1 adrenergic receptors with relatively minor effect on HR or peripheral blood vessels (increase cardiac output)
IV

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5
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Vasopressor
- Stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors located in blood vessels
- MInor beta adrenergic activity (increased BP)
IV

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6
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Allergy, cold and cough, antihistamines, antitussives
- Antagonized the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites, does not bind to or inactive histamine
- CNS depressant
PO, IM, IV

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7
Q

Clonidine

A

Antihypertensive, A2-AR AGONIST
- Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the CNS, which results in a decrease in sympathetic outflow inhibiting dcardioaccelertation and vasoconstriction enters (decrease in BP and pain)
PO. transdermal, epidural

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8
Q

Pseudoepinephrine

A 
Allergy, cold and flu, decongestants
MIXED A/A-AR AGONISTS
Adrenergics, alpha adrenergic agonists 
- Stimulated alpha and beta adrenergic receptors (vasoconstriction and possibly bronchodilation) 
Po and PO-ER
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9
Q

Metoprolol

A

Antianginals, antihypertensives
Beta blockers, B1-AR ANTAGONIST
- Blocks stimulation of beta1 adrenergic receptors, does not usually effect beta2 adrenergic receptor sites
PO, PO-ER, IV

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10
Q

Scopolamine

A

Antiemetics, anticholinergics
- Inhibits the muscarininc activity of ACh (reduces nausea, vomiting, spasms, etc)
PO/IM/subcut, IV, transdermal

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11
Q

Tiotropium

A

Bronchodilators, anticholinergics
Anticholinergics by selectively and reversibly inhibiting M3 receptors in smooth muscle of airways
- Decreased incidence of severity of bronchospasm
Inhaled

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12
Q

Herpain

A

Anticoagulant, antithrombatics
- Potentiates the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa and thrombin
Herparin subcut, heparin IV

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13
Q

Epinephrine

A

Vasopressor, Anti asthmatic, bronchodilators (adrenergic)
- Results in accumulation of cAMP at beta adrenergic receptors
- Effects both beta 1 and beta 2, GPCR
- Also has alpha adrenergic agonist properties (result in vasoconstriction)
Inhaled, subcut, IM, IV

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14
Q

Doneprezil

A

Anti-Alzheimers agent, cholinergic
- Inhibits the acetylcholinesterase thus improving cholinergic function by making more ACh available
PO

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15
Q

Varenicline

A

Smoking deterrent, Nicotine agonist
- Selectively binds to alpha4, beta2 nicotinic ACh receptors, acting as a nicotine agonist
- Prevents the binding of nicotine to receptors (decrease in desire to smoke)
PO

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16
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinergic’s, M3 receptor agonist

  • Stimulates cholinergic receptors, resulting in primary muscarinic action, including stimulation of exocrine glands
  • Agonist, used to treat dry mouth
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17
Q

Atropine

A

Causes dry mouth, pupil dilation
Constriction of the sphincter, antagonist, branchodilation, dilation of muscle
IM, IV

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18
Q

Bupropion

A

Antidepressant, smoking deterrents
- aminoketones
- Decrease neuronal repute of dopamine in the CNS
PO

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19
Q

Timolol

A

Vascular headache suppressant, Antihypertensive, helps glaucoma?
- Beta blocker, B2-AR ANTAGONIST
- Blocks stimulation of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor sites
PO

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20
Q

Lorazepam

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A
  • Anti anxiety, sedative/hypotonic, Analgesic adjuncts
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Depresses the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter
    PO, IM, IV
21
Q

Penicillin

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A

Anti-infectives, Penicillins
- Binds to bacterial wall resulting in cell death
IM, Penicillin IV

22
Q

Carvedilol

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A 
Antihypertensives, Beta blockers
MIZED A/B-AR ANTAGONISTS
- Blocks stimulation of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptor sites 
- Also has alpha1 blocking activity 
PO, PO-CR
23
Q

Galantamine

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A

Antidepressants, smoking deterrents, aminoketones
- Decreases the neuronal re uptake of dopamine in the CNS, ANTAGONIST
- Diminishes the neuronal re uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
PO

24
Q

Rivastigmine

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A

Anti-alzheimers agent, cholinergic
- Enhances cholinergic function by reversible inhibition of cholinesterase
PO or transdermal

25
Prazosin
A1A AND A1B-AR, antagonist, antihypertensive, vasodilator - Selective inhibition of alpha1 - adrenoceptors that produces vasodilation in arterioles and veins - Result in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure are reduced - Treatment of hypertensive PO
26
Tamsulosin
Alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, MORE SELECTIVE FOR A1A-AR - Smooth muscle relaxant at bladder outlet and prostate gland (relaxes) - Used in BPH, treated PO - Results in improvement in urinary blood flow and a reduction in symptoms of BPH
27
Fluticasone
Anti-inflammatories (steriodal), corticosteroids - Maintenance and prophylactic treatment of asthma - Delay pulmonary damage that occurs from chronic asthma - Potent, locally acting anti inflammatory and immune modifier Inhaled (powder?)
28
Omeprazole
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) - H/K ATPase pump - Ion channel - Antagonist - NOT REVERSIBLE - PO and is a PRO DRUG
29
Celecoxib
``` NSAID, selective COX 2 inihibitor - COX2 cyclooxyrgenase enzyme type 2 - Enzyme (intracellular receptor) - Antagonist - REVERSIBLE and PO Available only by Rx ```
30
Glyburide
Oral anti-diabetic agent, insulin secretagogue - K-ATPase channel, aka sulfonyurea receptor (SUR) - Ion channel class - Antagonist (inhibitor or blocker) - REVERSIBLE and PO
31
Salmeterol
Long acting beta2 adrenoceptor (branchodilator) - AGONIST - Relaxes brachospasm, increases ciliary, respiratory smooth muscle relaxant - Used to treat asthma, bronchospasm (COPD) - Effects antagonized by beta blockers INHALED
32
Levodopa
Anti parkinsons agent, dopamine precursor - Doapmmine receptor - Class: GPCR - Agonist - REVERSIBLE and a PRO DRUG (converted to dopamine by AADC in the brain PO
33
Salbutamol (Albutamol)
``` Branchodilator, B2 adrenergic receptor AGONST - B adrenergic receptor - Class: GPCR - Agonist - REVERSIBLE INHALED ```
34
Propranolol
B2 blocker, B adrenergic receptor ANTAGONIST - B adreenrgic receptor - Class: GPCR - ANTAGONST - REVERSIBLE and PO
35
Tubocurarine
Competetive antagonist of Nm - Blocks ACh binding site = no muscle contraction Causes respiratory and cardiac arrest
36
Morphine
Opioid Derived from the poppyseed Full agonist at u receptor Parental, used in severe pain (7-10)
37
Fentanyl
Used in extreme pain Never jump right to this drug, need to try others and use this one as last resort - Used in treatment of cancer, palliative, etc. CR, full agonist at u receptor
38
Oxycodone
Full agonist at u receptor More potent thsn morphine, used for severe pain (7-10) Bioavailability about 60%
39
Albumin
Bind to serum proteins, can't cross membrane
40
Warfarin
Binds to plasma proteins, has a small VD
41
Morphine-6-glucuronide
10% of morphine dose metabolized to M6G | 4-6x more potent than morphine
42
Codeine
Partial agonist at u repcetpro Metabolized into morphine by CYP 2D6 Used in moderate pain (4-6) Often used in combination with non opioid analgesics
43
Methadone
Full agonist at u receptor used to remove dependant patients from other opioids onset: 30-60 minutes long half life, high potency
44
Naloxone
Antagonist at u receptor | Used in the setting of opioid overdose (rapidly reverse effects of opioids)
45
Acetaminophen
Very commonly used analgesic and antipyretic OTC, reduce fever and pain Pregnancy category B, fairly safe MAX: adults=4 mg/daily and infants=less than 65/daily
46
Prednisone
Acute use of low dose to reduce or prevent post operative pain and inflammation Corticosteroid
47
Dexamethasone
A synthetic drug of the corticosteroid type | Used especially as an anti-inflammatory agent.
48
Ibuprofen
Can use with alcohol Reversibly inhibits COX 1 and COX 2 OTC
49
Naproxen
Reversibly inhibits COX 1 and COX 2 OTC and higher doses require Rx High half life, can be given once or twice a day

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