Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Billy Drugs > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

(99 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

SABAs

A

Salbutamol and terbuteline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LABAs

A

Formoterol and salmeterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOAs of SABAs and LABAs

A

Agonists at B2 receptors of smooth muscle in the airways which cause smooth muscle relaxation and therefore bronchodilatation (ACTIVATION of SYMPATHETIC nervous system)

(Increased a.c. –> cAMP increase –> decreases calcium influx etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SAMAs

A

Ipratropium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LAMAs

A

Tiotropium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MOAs of SAMAs and LAMAs

A

Antagonists at M1/M3 receptors of smooth muscle in the airways blocks contraction of smooth muscle which leads to bronchodilatation (INACTIVATION of PARASYMPATHETIC system).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Side effects of SABA/LABA

A

Fine tremor, hypokalaemia (can lead to cramps, cardiac arrythmia), tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Side effects of SAMA/LAMA

A

Anti-muscarinic so dry mouth, blurred vision, + GI disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cautions with SAMA/LAMA

A

Glaucoma (pupil dilation –> raised intraocular pressure)
BPH (sphincter contraction –> urine retention)
Unstable / arrythmic patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cautions with SABA/LABA

A

Heart failure, respiratory failure, cardiovascular disease, DM (due to risk of DKA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mucolytics

A

Carbocisteine, erdosteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA of mucolytics

A

Reduce mucus viscosity –> improve expectoration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interactions of mucolytics

A

Don’t use with antitussives or things that dry secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antacids

A

Mg trisilicate, Al hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antacid causing constipation

A

Aluminium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antacid causing diarrhoea

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antacid MOA

A

Neutralise stomach acid - symptomatic only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alginate

A

Gaviscon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alginate MOA

A

Foam raft which decreases irritancy of HCl and also minimises reflux into oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Interactions of alginates and antacids

A

Decrease absorbance of some medications e.g. antibiotics and those with enteric coatings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cautions with antacids

A

Renal / hepatic failure: accumulation of aluminium = Al toxicity in brain, accumulation of salt = water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anti-foaming drug often given with antacids to decrease flatulence

A

simeticone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Misoprostol contraindication

A

Pregnancy / child bearing age women - abortive drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Misoprostol MOA

A

PG analogue:

  1. Binds to PG receptor of parietal cell = decreased HCl production, increased mucous and increased HCO3-
  2. Increased mucosal repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sucralfate MOA
1. -ve charged drug binds exposed +ve charges 2. direct pepsin inhibition 3. bile salt binding 4. local PG stimulation 5. stimulation of HCO3- production
26
Sucralfate caution
BEZOAR formation - give at least 1 hour before or after NG feeding
27
Side effects of sucralfate
GI upset, constipation
28
Sucralfate interactions
Decreased absorption e.g. give 2 hours before ABx
29
H2RAs
Ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine, famotidine
30
H2RA mechanisms
Bind reversibly and competitively to H2 receptors on parietal cells: 1. Decreased HCl secretion 2. Decreased ACh/gastrin mediated HCl secretion
31
H2RA cautions
ALARMS symptoms: do endoscopy before H2RAs are given as may mask symptoms Renal / hepatic failure: lower dose
32
H2RA adverse effects
Diarrhoea, headache, dizziness
33
Which H2RA should not be given when a patient is on warfarin and why?
Cimetidine because it inhibits CYP450 enzymes which may prevent metabolism of other medications such as phenytoin, aminophylline and warfarin leading to their accumulation
34
PPIs
Omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole
35
PPIs MOA
Direct inhibition of K+/H+ pump = decreased HCl secretion
36
PPI cautions
Elderly: fractures due to decreased calcium C diff: due to lower stomach acid in stomach Pneumonia
37
PPI side effects
GI upset, constipation, headache, rash
38
Zollinger-Ellison treatment
Large doses of PPIs
39
Risk of high dose PPIs?
Rebound acid hypersecretion: requires lowering of dose gradually before complete withdrawal
40
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy?
PPI + 2 ABx Omeprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin If allergic or recent exposure, use metronidazole
41
Beta lactams
Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems
42
Beta lactam MOA
Cell wall synthesis inhibition: prevent cross-linking of PGs
43
Glycopeptide name
Vancomycin
44
Glycopeptide MOA
Cell wall synthesis inhibition; stops release of PG from cell
45
Aminoglycosides names
GentaMICIN
46
Aminoglycosides MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor 30s: Causing misreading of codons
47
Tetracyclines name
DoxyCYCLINE
48
Tetracyclines MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor 30s: competes with tRNA
49
Chloramphenicol MOA
Protein synthesis inhibitor 50s: Inhibits transpeptidation
50
Macrolides names
ErythroMYCIN, clarithroMYCIN
51
Macrolides MOA
.Protein synth inhibitor 50s: Inhibits translocation
52
Metronidazole MOA
DNA synthesis inhibitor Form reactive intermediates and directly damages DNA
53
Rifampicin MOA
DNA synthesis inhibitor Inhibits mRNA polymerase
54
Quinolones MOA
DNA synthesis inhibitor Inhibits DNA gyrase to prevent supercoiling
55
Antimetabolites names
Sulphonamides, trimethoprim
56
Sulphonamides MOA
Inhibit folate synthesis Inhibit folate synthetase
57
Trimethoprim MOA
Inhibit folate synthesis Inhibits folate dehydrogenase
58
Loperamide MOA
Mu opioid receptor agonist --> intestinal smooth muscle changes: Increased tone Increased segmentation contractions Decreased propulsion Pyloric, ileocaecal and internal anal sphincter contraction = increased transit time = increased water reabsorption
59
Loperamide cautions
Active IBD = paralytic ileus Increased carriage of enteropathogens
60
Loperamide contraindications
Children - CNS effects
61
Diphenoxylate MOA
Mu opioid receptor agonist
62
Codeine MOA
Mu opioid receptor agonist - crosses BBB!
63
Racecadotril MOA
Enkephalinase inhibitor: Increase endogenous enkephalin binding to DELTA opioid receptors causes decreased CFTR chloride channel activity (decrease hypersecretion) without affecting transit time
64
ABx in diarrhoea?
Very rarely indicated because of fatal potential side effects in children (HUS) Indicated only in some instances of dysentry or persistent diarrhoea
65
What supplement would you give for diarrhoea in children? (and in adults)
Zinc
66
Estimated replacement of water within 24h?
Mild: 2L Moderate: 4L Severe: 4L+
67
Estimated replacement per poo?
200mL
68
Management plan of diarrhoea?
``` ABCDEFG Re-hydrate +/- ORS/IVI Treat cause ?anti-motilities for comfort ?racecadotril Continue normal diet FBC, U&Es ```
69
ORS MOA?
Enhances active, carrier mediated sodium absorption via sodium-glucose co-transporter (Na carried into ECF and then ICF setting up gradient for Cl and H2O)
70
Cholera
Doxycycline
71
Entamoeba histolitica
Metronidazole
72
Salmonella typhi
Cipro or cefoxamine
73
Giardia lamblia
Metronidazole
74
Salmonella
Ciprofloxacin if severe / comp
75
Campylobacter
Clarithromycin if severe / comp
76
Shigellosis
Ciprofloxacin if severe / comp
77
E coli 0157
No ABx
78
C diff
Metro / vanc
79
Sucralfate MOA
Protect damaged mucosa | Stimulate PG production
80
Misoprostol MOA
PG analogue (PG receptor ddirectly inhibits HCl secretion but also repair effects and HCO3 secretion)
81
Domperidone, metoclopramide
Gastric stimulants Increases peristalsis of jej and duod due to stimulation of muscarinic receptors in GIT = better clearing
82
Metoclopramide cautions
EPS so dont use in PD
83
Domperidone cautions
Cardiac side effects
84
Cimetidine caution
Inhibits CYP450
85
Tamsulosin MOA
Selective alpha 1 (and 2) blocker which causes relaxation of smooth muscles in bladder neck (and prostate in men) which decreases urinary outflow resistance. Note extensive CYP enzyme metabolism
86
Nifedipine MOA
Calcium channel blocker usually used for HTN and angina. Not shown increased expulsion but used alongside alpha blockers, not licensed.
87
Treatment of sepsis secondary to renal stones?
Ampicillin and gentamicin IV STAT
88
Rimonabant / accomplia
Specific CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist (blocks voltage gated calcium channels) Withdrawn due to suicide
89
Reductil / sibutramine
SNRI caused feelings of satiety withdrawn due to CVS effects
90
Exenatide
GLP-1 analogue: increases B cell efficiency and reduces B cell workload: increases insulin output decreases glucagon output: decreases glucose leak from liver
91
Metabolic syndrome
``` Dyslipidaemia HTN Obesity Diabetes (Microalbuminaemia) ``` Dangerous combination
92
Hba1c
glycated Hb - glucose damage RBCs last 3 months
93
Glucose random
> 11.1
94
Fasting glucose
> 7
95
Two hour tolerance test
> 11.1
96
Syntocinon
oxytocin octapeptide rhythmical contractions
97
ergometrine
tetanic contractions - post partum haemorrhage N&V HTN
98
Syntometrine
ergot + syntoc active management 3rd stage: rhythmic + tetanic + vasoconst anterior shoulder under PS
99
Possible ABx for paraneumonic pleural effusion
Meropenem (broad spec) Clarithro Metronidazole (anaerobic)

Billy Drugs (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions